Quechua Language Revitalization Policies and Planning in Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador

Tuba Yilmaz(Tuba Yilmaz ) 전남대학교 교육문제연구소 2023 New Horizons of Educational Research Vol.3 No.1

The Quechua language, spoken by indigenous Quechuans, faced endangerment due to the widespread use of Spanish. This paper explored the language revitalization policies for Quechua language in South American countries, particularly Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador. The paper began by presenting a concise overview of Quechua and the Quechuan community, elucidating the factors contributing to Quechua's endangered status and the prevalence of Spanish monolingualism. Subsequently, it delved into an exploration of language revitalization policies and challenges within each country, framed by corpus planning, status planning, acquisition planning, and prestige planning. The paper concluded with a discussion on the outcomes of Quechua revitalization efforts. This paper offered valuable insights for countries adopting a 'language as a resource approach,' and particularly those endeavoring to implement additive policies for their extinct, endangered, or threatened languages.

Radical Oncological Surgery and Adjuvan Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients over 70 years of Age

Demirci, Nilgun Yilmaz,Ulger, Sukran,Yilmaz, Ulku,Aydogdu, Koray,Yilmaz, Aydin,Erdogan, Yurdanur Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.11

Background: The incidence of lung cancer increases with age. Approximately 50% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are over 70 years old. Because of the increasing elderly population, treatment approaches in this age group continue to be studied similar to groups of young people. Materials and Methods: In the current study, 26 patients who underwent radical surgery and adjuvan chemoradiation at Ataturk Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Of 21 patients (81%) were male and the average age was 74.4. Lobectomy was performed in 18 cases, pneumonectomy in 3, sleeve lobectomy in 3 and bilobectomy in 2. There was no perioperative or early period mortality. Overall survival was 24.5 months. Conclusions: From our study, lung cancer surgery and adjuvant therapy can be performed safely with low morbidity in the elderly.

Towards a better understanding of detection properties of different types of plastic scintillator crystals using physical detector and MCNPX code

Yilmaz Ayberk,Alan Hatice Yilmaz,Susam Lidya Amon,Akkus Baki,ALMisned Ghada,Ilhan Taha Batuhan,Tekin H.O. 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.12

The purpose of this comprehensive research is to observe the impact of scintillator crystal type on entire detection process. For this aim, MCNPX (version 2.6.0) is used for designing of a physical plastic scintillation detector available in our laboratory. The modelled detector structure is validated using previous studies in the literature. Next, different types of plastic scintillation crystals were assessed in the same geometry. Several fundamental detector properties are determined for six different plastic scintillation crystals. Additionally, the deposited energy quantities were computed using the MCNPX code. Although six scintillation crystals have comparable compositions, the findings clearly indicate that the crystal composed of PVT 80% þ PPO 20% has superior counting and detecting characteristics when compared to the other crystals investigated. Moreover, it is observed that the highest deposited energy amount, which is a result of the highest collision number in the crystal volume, corresponds to a PVT 80% þ PPO 20% crystal. Despite the fact that plastic detector crystals have similar chemical structures, this study found that performing advanced Monte Carlo simulations on the detection discrepancies within the structures can aid in the development of the most effective spectroscopy procedures by ensuring maximum efficiency prior to and during use.

Investigation of properties of boehmitic sol coated graphite added alumina-low cement castables

Suat Yilmaz,Ersan Yilmaz 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2010 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.11 No.1

In this study, benefiting from the low wettability of graphite, various amounts were added to low cement alumina castables to investigate the resistance of refractories to slag corrosion. For this purpose, typically flake graphite was coated with alumina by a sol-gel method and then added to a mixture of the refractory in various amounts. After the physicomechanical investigation, steel ladle slag with a basicity ratio of 2.29 was charged into the crucibles which were prepared according to DIN 51069 standard. After the heat treatment, samples were cut vertically for investigation. For macroscopic analysis, images taken from the slag-refractory surfaces were digitized and subjected to image analyses to investigate the penetration of the slag. Microscopic analyses were carried out with SEM-EDS to determine the elemental dispersion at the refractory-slag interaction zone. Experimental results indicate that the alumina coated graphite addition give improved slag corrosion resistance of alumina castables.

T?RK?YE'DE E??T?M ALANINDA TOPLAM KAL?TE Y?NET?M? UYGULAMALARINA GENEL B?R BAKI?

?zcan YILMAZ 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 중동연구소 2006 중동연구 Vol.24 No.2

<Abstract> General View to the Total Quality Management Applications of the Turkish Educational System Özcan YILMAZ Ankara University, urkey Total quality management is, the strong leadership, and the constructive organization, and with a team effort, as a result, the least faulty product can be produced, with the highest customer satisfaction. In the first volume of this study, we tried to explain the evolution of the management from the classic way, to the Total Quality Management with changes to the human’s social life, and the effects of the industrialization. In the second volume, The Total Quality Management is described, and we explained that why do we need and what are principles of the Total Quality Management, are explained. In the third and the last volume, we talked about the difficulties of the application of the Total Quality Management systems onto the Turkish educational programs, and systems, and we tried to introduce some possible solutions to those problems. We have emphasized that, people who are benefited from those educational institutions which implemented the principles of the total quality management programs, become the leaders of their countries, and they help to advance their nations, into the more developed group of countries. Key Word: Total quality management, Customer satisfaction, Strong leadership, Educational programs, Evolution of the management

The Investigation of Treatment of Pistachio Processing Industrial Wastewater by Electrochemical Methods in Terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand and Total Phenol Removal

Alper Erdem Yilmaz,Baybars Ali Fil,Murat Tolga Yilmaz,Serkan Bayar,Zuhal Koksal The Korean Electrochemical Society 2024 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.15 No.1

This work aims to investigate the efficiency of electrocoagulation (EC) of pistachio processing industrial wastewater (PPIW) using the continuous EC process. The tubular reactor made of stainless steel with an internal diameter of 60 mm was used as a cathode electrode. The effect of some parameters was examined on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenols (TP) removal efficiency. The influences of the initial pH of wastewater (from 4 to 8), flow rate (from 25 to 125 mL/min), current density (from 7 to 21 mA/cm²), and supporting electrolyte type (NaCl, NaNO₃, and Na₂SO₄), supporting electrolyte concentration (from 10 to 100 mg/L NaCl) on removal efficiency were investigated to determine the best experimental conditions. The examination of the physico-chemical parameters during the EC treatment showed that the best removal efficiency was obtained under conditions where the flow rate was 25 mL/min (20 min reaction time), the pH value was 5.2, and the current density was 21 mA/cm² has set. Under these experimental conditions, COD and TP removal efficiency were found to be 75% and 97%, respectively, while energy consumption was 18.5 kW h/m³. The study results show that the EC can be applied to PPIW pre-treatment.

IDENTITIES ON THE CHANGHEE NUMBERS AND APOSTOL-TYPE DAEHEE POLYNOMIALS

YILMAZ SIMSEK 장전수학회 2017 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.27 No.2

By using generating functions and p-adic integral methods, we study, survey, and investigate various properties of the special numbers and polynomials including the Bernoulli numbers and polynomials, the Euler numbers and polynomials, the Changhee numbers and polynomials, the Daehee numbers and polynomials, the Bernoulli numbers and polynomials of the second kind, the Stirling numbers, and the Catalan numbers. We define Apostol-type Daehee numbers and polynomials of higher order. We derive some properties, relations and identities on these numbers and polynomials. Finally, we give some applications of the p-adic Volkenborn integral including the special numbers and polynomials. We give some remarks and observations associated with the Bernoulli numbers, the Euler numbers, the Daehee numbers, and the Changhee numbers.

Increased UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 Expression is Associated with Pancreatic Cancer

Yilmaz, Latif,Borazan, Ersin,Aytekin, Turkan,Baskonus, Ilyas,Aytekin, Alper,Oztuzcu, Serdar,Bozdag, Zehra,Balik, Ahmet Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.4

UGT1A play important roles in the glucuronidation of a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. UGT1A isoforms are expressed tissue specifically. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 mRNA expression and pancreatic cancer. Paired healthy and tumor tissue samples of 43 patients with pancreatic cancer were included in this study. UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 mRNA expressions were analyzed by real time-PCR. In the result of study, UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 mRNA expressions were significantly higher in tumor tissue than normal tissue of pancreatic cancer patients (p<0.05). In addition, high mRNA expression of UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p<0.05). The data suggested that UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 may play roles in the progression of pancreatic cancer. Consequently, UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 are potential prognostic indicators.

Evaluation of the Radiation Pneumonia Development Risk in Lung Cancer Cases

Yilmaz, Sercan,Adas, Yasemin Guzle,Hicsonmez, Ayse,Andrieu, Meltem Nalca,Akyurek, Serap,Gokce, Saban Cakir Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17

Background: Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy is the recommended standard treatment modality for patients with locally advanced lung cancer. The purpose of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) is to minimize normal tissue damage while a high dose can be delivered to the tumor. The most common dose limiting side effect of thoracic RT is radiation pneumonia (RP). In this study we evaluated the relationship between dose-volume histogram parameters and radiation pneumonitis. This study targeted prediction of the possible development of RP and evaluation of the relationship between dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters and RP in patients undergoing 3DCRT. Materials and Methods: DVHs of 41 lung cancer patients treated with 3DCRT were evaluated with respect to the development of grade ${\geq}2$ RP by excluding gross tumor volume (GTV) and planned target volume (PTV) from total (TL) and ipsilateral (IPSI) lung volume. Results: Were admitted statistically significant for p<0.05. Conclusions: The cut-off values for V5, V13, V20, V30, V45 and the mean dose of TL-GTV; and V13, V20,V30 and the mean dose of TL-PTV were statistically significant for the development of Grade ${\geq}2$ RP. No statistically significant results related to the development of Grade ${\geq}2$ RP were observed for the ipsilateral lung and the evaluation of PTV volume. A controlled and careful evaluation of the dose-volume histograms is important to assess Grade ${\geq}2$ RP development of the lung cancer patients treated with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. In the light of the obtained data it can be said that RP development may be avoided by the proper analysis of the dose volume histograms and the application of optimal treatment plans.

Neuroprotective Effects of Quetiapine on Neuronal Apoptosis Following Experimental Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

Yilmaz, Muhammet Bahadir,Tonge, Mehmet,Emmez, Hakan,Kaymaz, Figen,Kaymaz, Memduh The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2013 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.54 No.1

Objective : This study was undertaken in the belief that the atypical antipsychotic drug quetiapine could prevent apoptosis in the penumbra region following ischemia, taking into account findings that show 5-hydroxytryptamine-2 receptor blockers can prevent apoptosis. Methods : We created 5 groups, each containing 6 animals. Nothing was done on the K-I group used for comparisons with the other groups to make sure adequate ischemia had been achieved. The K-II group was sacrificed on the 1st day after transient focal cerebral ischemia and the K-III group on the 3rd day. The D-I group was administered quetiapine following ischemia and sacrificed on the 1st day while the D-II group was administered quetiapine every day following the ischemia and sacrificed on the 3rd day. The samples were stained with the immunochemical TUNEL method and the number of apoptotic cells were counted. Results : There was a significant difference between the first and third day control groups (K-II/K-III : p=0.004) and this indicates that apoptotic cell death increases with time. This increase was not encountered in the drug groups (D-I/D-II : p=1.00). Statistical analysis of immunohistochemical data revealed that quetiapine decreased the apoptotic cell death that normally increased with time. Conclusion : Quetiapine is already in clinical use and is a safe drug, in contrast to many substances that are used to prevent ischemia and are not normally used clinically. Our results and the literature data indicate that quetiapine could help both as a neuronal protector and to resolve neuropsychiatric problems caused by the ischemia in cerebral ischemia cases.