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<i>SlPMEI</i>, a pollen-specific gene in tomato
Kim, Woong Bom,Lim, Chan Ju,Jang, Hyun A.,Yi, So Young,Oh, Sang-Keun,Lee, Ha Yeon,Kim, Hyun A.,Park, Youn-Il,Kwon, Suk-Yoon Canadian Science Publishing 2014 Canadian journal of plant science. Revue canadienn Vol.94 No.1
<P> Kim, W. B., Lim, C. J., Jang, H. A., Yi, S. Y., Oh, S.-K., Lee, H. Y., Kim, H. A., Park, Y.-I. and Kwon, S.-Y. 2014. SlPMEI, a pollen-specific gene in tomato. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 73-83. Pectin is one of the main components of plant cell walls, and its biosynthesis is controlled by pectin methylesterase (PME). Pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) are key regulators of PME. We report here the cloning and characterization of a novel Solanum lycopersicum L. PMEI gene, SlPMEI. RT-PCR studies of leaf, seed, fruit, flower, and flower organs confirmed that SlPMEI is expressed specifically in pollen. Promoter analysis of SlPMEI revealed pollen-specific cis-acting elements (pollen lat52 and g10). In addition, SlPMEI is expressed independently of abiotic stress, pathogen exposure, and growth stage in tomato, and a histochemical analysis of promoter activity revealed pollen-specific expression in both Arabidopsis and tomato. Under the microscope, we observed pollen-specific GUS expression in the stamen of transgenic tomato plant. These results indicate that the promoter of SlPMEI has strong pollen-specific activity, and could therefore be useful for development of industrially and agronomically important transgenic plants. </P>
Identification of a pollen-specific gene, SlCRK1 (RFK2) in tomato
Kim, Woong Bom,Yi, So Young,Oh, Sang-Keun,Lim, Chan Ju,Kim, Hyun A.,Jang, Hyun A.,Lee, Ha Yeon,Park, Youn-Il,Kwon, Suk-Yoon Springer-Verlag 2014 Genes & Genomics Vol.36 No.3
Plant receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are proteins that are involved in the regulation of development, hormone signaling, abiotic, and biotic stress responses. It has been suggested that cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs), which are one of the largest RLK groups, is significant in pathogen defense and programmed cell death. The CRK1 gene is isolated and characterized from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The SlCRK1 has two C-X8-C-X2-C motifs: a trans-membrane region and a kinase domain similar to other CRKs. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR exhibits the specific expression of SlCRK1 in the flower, but not in the root, leaf, seed, and fruit of the tomato. In addition, SlCRK1 exhibits pollen-specific expression in the floral organ. SlCRK1 has pollen-specific cis-acting elements in the promoter region, and its promoter has pollen-specific activity in the homozygous transgenic plants of tomato and Arabidopsis as confirmed through histochemical GUS assays. Moreover, the expression of SlCRK1 is not detected via stress treatment or hormone treatment. In this study, SlCRK1 from tomato is characterized and its promoter can be useful in developing transgenic plants with foreign genes that should be expressed in pollens.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level Can be Overestimated in Metabolic Syndrome
Kim, Kyu-Nam,Joo, Nam-Seok,Je, Sang-Yeon,Kim, Kwang-Min,Kim, Bom-Taeck,Park, Sat-Byul,Cho, Doo-Yeoun,Park, Rae-Woong,Lee, Duck-Joo The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2011 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.26 No.6
<P>Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels can be affected by many factors and metabolic syndrome is also a candidate. This study examined the relationship between CEA levels and metabolic syndrome using the data of 32,897 healthy Koreans. Fecal occult blood tests were also performed. Subjects with colorectal carcinoma were excluded. Subjects were classified by their smoking status, metabolic syndrome and its components. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its all components showed a significant increase according to the quartile of serum CEA concentration (<I>P</I> < 0.001). Increased numbers of metabolic syndrome components showed a positive association with CEA levels (<I>P</I>-trend < 0.001). The odds ratios for the highest CEA quartile vs the lowest serum CEA quartile significantly increased in the presence of metabolic syndrome and its components. After adjusting for age, gender and smoking status, metabolic syndrome, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated blood pressure had higher odds ratios (OR) of the highest CEA quartile compared with the lowest serum CEA quartile (OR = 1.125, 95% CI = 1.030 to 1.222, <I>P</I> = 0.009; OR = 1.296, 95% CI = 1.195 to 1.405, <I>P</I> < 0.001; OR = 1.334, 95% CI = 1.229 to 1.448, <I>P</I> < 0.001, respectively). These results indicate that metabolic syndrome is associated with CEA value, which may lead to a misunderstanding of the CEA levels.</P>
Kim, Young-Sang,Kim, Kwang-Min,Lee, Duck-Joo,Kim, Bom-Taeck,Park, Sat-Byul,Cho, Doo-Yeoun,Suh, Chang-Hee,Kim, Hyoun-Ah,Park, Rae-Woong,Joo, Nam-Seok The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2011 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.26 No.10
<P>Little is known about hair mineral status in fibromyalgia patients. This study evaluated the characteristics of hair minerals in female patients with fibromyalgia compared with a healthy reference group. Forty-four female patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria were enrolled as the case group. Ageand body mass index-matched data were obtained from 122 control subjects enrolled during visit for a regular health check-up. Hair minerals were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The mean age was 43.7 yr. General characteristics were not different between the two groups. Fibromyalgia patients showed a significantly lower level of calcium (775 µg/g vs 1,093 µg/g), magnesium (52 µg/g vs 72 µg/g), iron (5.9 µg/g vs 7.1 µg/g), copper (28.3 µg/g vs 40.2 µg/g) and manganese (140 ng/g vs 190 ng/g). Calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese were loaded in the same factor using factor analysis; the mean of this factor was significantly lower in fibromyalgia group in multivariate analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. In conclusion, the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese in the hair of female patients with fibromyalgia are lower than of controls, even after adjustment of potential confounders.</P>
갈색 지방 조직의 선택적 절제가 가능한 형질 전환 비만 생쥐의 제조
김철근,최웅환,지정훈,김수경,김범수,김대환 漢陽大學校 自然科學硏究所 2000 自然科學論文集 Vol.19 No.-
갈색지방세포는 체내의 잉여 에너지원을 열로 발산시킴으로써 체내 양분 균형과 체중을 유지한다. 갈색지방세포의 이러한 기능을 제한적 발열작용 (regulated thermogenesis)이라 한다. 본 연구에서는, 특정 발생단계나 물리 ·생리적 조건에서 갈색지방조직의 선택적인 유전적 제거를 위해 갈색지방세포 특이적으로 발현하는 UCP-1 유전자의 특정 조절 부위에 의해 발현되는 HSV-TK 유전자를 가지는 형질 전환 생쥐를 만들었다. 이 생쥐에 ganciclovir를 처리하면 특정 시간, 조건에서 갈색지방세포를 선택적으로 제거할 수 있으므로 갈색 지방세포에 의한 체중조절의 기전을 이해할 수 있고, 체중에 영향을 미치는 다른 요인도 연구할 수 있을 것이다. Brown adipose tissue maintains nutrient balance and body weight by wasting the excess energy materials as heat. This function of the brown adipocyte is called regulated thermogenesis. In order to genetically remove the brown adipose tissue at specific developmental stages or physical and physiological conditions based on a conditional genetic tissue ablation method, we have made transgenic mouse carrying HSV-TK gene which is expressed by the brown adipocyte specific regulatory region of UCP-1 gene. By treating this transgenic mice with ganciclovir at specific times and conditions, we can monitor the effect of brown adipose tissue on the body weight regulation and this system is also expected to be used on the study of other factors affecting the body weight.
Kim, Jahae,Yoo, Su Woong,Kang, Sae-Ryung,Cho, Sang-Geon,Oh, Jong-Ryool,Chong, Ari,Min, Jung-Joon,Bom, Hee-Seung,Yoon, Jung-Han,Song, Ho-Chun The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2012 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.46 No.4
Purpose We investigated whether PET indices measured by $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can predict prognosis in patients with operable primary breast cancer. Methods We reviewed 53 patients with operable primary breast cancer who underwent pretreatment FDG PET/CT. PET indices, maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV), were measured in the primary breast tumor (P), metastatic lymph nodes (N) and total tumor (T). The Cox proportional hazards model was used with age, tumor size, clinical lymph node status, method of surgery, presence or absence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, histological type, histological grade, hormone receptors and HER2 status to predict disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results Median follow-up period was 50 months (range, 17-73 months), during which 17 patients had recurrent disease and nine of whom died. The univariate analysis showed that high SUV of N ($N_{SUV}$, P=0.011), MTV of N ($N_{MTV}$, P=0.011) and MTV of T ($T_{MTV}$, P=0.045) as well as high histological grade (P=0.008), negative estrogen (P=0.045) and negative progesterone (P=0.029) receptor status were associated with shorter DFS. High $N_{SUV}$ (P=0.035), $N_{MTV}$ (P=0.035) and $T_{MTV}$ (P=0.035) as well as high histological grade (P=0.012) and negative estrogen receptor status (P=0.009)were associated with shorter OS. $N_{SUV}$, $N_{MTV}$ and $T_{MTV}$ were found to be significantly associated with high histological grade (P=0.005). However, those failed to be statistically significant prognostic factors on multivariate analysis. Conclusions PET indices seem to be useful in the preoperative evaluation of prognosis in patients with operable primary breast cancer. $N_{SUV}$, $N_{MTV}$ and $T_{MTV}$ might be considerable factors associated with patient outcome in operable breast cancer.
Dynamics of a Heparin-Binding Domain of VEGF<sub>165</sub> Complexed with Its Inhibitor Triamterene
Jeong, Ki-Woong,Lee, Jee-Young,Lee, Sung-Ah,Yang, Seung-Pil,Ko, Hyunsook,Kang, Dong-Il,Chae, Chi-Bom,Kim, Yangmee American Chemical Society 2011 Biochemistry Vol.50 No.22
<P>Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which has neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in addition to its major role in angiogenesis, interacts with Aβ and accumulates in the senile plaques of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients’ brains. It is known that Aβ binds to the heparin-binding domain (HBD) of the 165-amino acid VEGF variant, VEGF<SUB>165</SUB>. In this study, we showed that triamterene (Trm) inhibits VEGF–Aβ interaction without affecting other biological activities of VEGF or Aβ. We investigated the importance of structural and dynamic features of HBD for its molecular-recognition processes. The binding model of HBD and Trm was constructed based on measurements of chemical shift changes and docking study. The results showed that the loop region (S11–L17) and F18 at the beginning of the first β-sheet in the HBD constitute the inhibitor binding site. The N1 atom of pteridine ring of Trm forms hydrogen bonding with backbone amide proton of R13, and the phenyl ring took part in a hydrophobic interaction with the aromatic ring of F18. To investigate the functional importance of the inherent structural flexibility of the HBD in VEGF, the dynamic properties of free HBD and HBD–Trm complex were assessed by measuring spin relaxation rates, and the backbone dynamics were investigated by model-free analysis. The residues in the disordered loop region of the N-terminus exhibited conformational exchanges in free HBD, and flexibility of this loop region decreased dramatically upon binding to Trm, suggesting that Aβ as well as inhibitor may recognize these unique dynamic features of the HBD. Furthermore, C-terminal residues continued to exhibit slow conformational motions, even in the HBD–Trm complex, implying that these motions at the C-terminus of the HBD might be important for interactions with heparin molecules. The flexibility of HBD demonstrated here should be essential for VEGF function and interaction with other protein partners.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bichaw/2011/bichaw.2011.50.issue-22/bi2000752/production/images/medium/bi-2011-000752_0011.gif'></P>