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Will Mutations in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Lead to the Failure of COVID-19 Vaccines?
Jia Zaixing,Gong Wenping 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.18
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has spread worldwide since it was first identified in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. With the global transmission of the virus, a large number of SARS-CoV-2 variants have also appeared, especially, emerging strains that have recently been discovered in the United Kingdom (variant 20I/501Y.V1, lineage B.1.1.7), South Africa (variant 20H/501Y.V2, lineage B.1.351), and Brazil (variant 20 J/501Y.V3, and lineage P.1). The common feature of these variants is that they share the N501Y mutation involving the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, which is precisely the target of most COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, mutations such as N501Y, E484K, and K417N in the S protein may affect viral fitness and transmissibility. However, current research on the impact of these variants on COVID-19 vaccines is still lacking. Herein, we briefly explain why most COVID-19 vaccines target the S protein, update the progress of research regarding S protein-related COVID-19 vaccines, review the latest studies concerning the effects of S protein variants on COVID-19 vaccines, and finally, propose certain strategies to deal with SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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MAO SHEN,CHENGLIN WU,WENPING JIA,CHENGHONG LI,ZHILI ZHANG,YANGMIN JIN,GUODONG FAN,CAIPING LIN 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.7
Mesostructured chitosan-coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (CS-coated Fe 3 O 4 NPs) were synthesizedby a facile one-step solvothermal method via using chitosan as a surface-modi¯cation agent. Subsequently, the surfaces of CS-coated Fe 3 O 4 NPs were successfully conjugated with folic acid(FA) molecules to obtain FA – CS-coated Fe 3 O 4 NPs for improving targeted drug delivery. Themorphology, chemical component and magnetic property of as-prepared composite nanoparticleswere characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray di®raction (XRD),dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (SEM), transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magne-tometer (VSM). Furthermore, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) as a model drug was encap-sulated for investigating drug release pattern in vitro. The results show that the magnetizationsaturation value of FA – CS-coated Fe 3 O 4 NPs was about 28.5 emu/g, exhibiting super-paramagnetic properties and mesostructure. DOX could be loaded to FA – CS-coated Fe 3 O 4 NPswith high capacity about 27.9%, and the release rate of DOX could be adjusted by the pH value. This work demonstrates that the prepared magnetic nanoparticles have potential applications inthe treatment of cancer as targeting drug delivery carriers.
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