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      • KCI등재

        Cyclic fatigue resistance tests of Nickel-Titanium rotary files using simulated canal and weight loading conditions

        Cho, Ok-In,Versluis, Antheunis,Cheung, Gary S.P.,Ha, Jung-Hong,Hur, Bock,Kim, Hyeon-Cheol The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2013 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.38 No.1

        Objectives: This study compared the cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium (NiTi) files obtained in a conventional test using a simulated canal with a newly developed method that allows the application of constant fatigue load conditions. Materials and Methods: ProFile and K3 files of #25/.06, #30/.06, and #40/.04 were selected. Two types of testing devices were built to test their fatigue performance. The first (conventional) device prescribed curvature inside a simulated canal (C-test), the second new device exerted a constant load (L-test) whilst allowing any resulting curvature. Ten new instruments of each size and brand were tested with each device. The files were rotated until fracture and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was determined. The NCF were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post-hoc test for each method. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was computed to examine any association between methods. Results: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (${\rho}$ = -0.905) showed a significant negative correlation between methods. Groups with significant difference after the L-test divided into 4 clusters, whilst the C-test gave just 2 clusters. From the L-test, considering the negative correlation of NCF, K3 gave a significantly lower fatigue resistance than ProFile as in the C-test. K3 #30/.06 showed a lower fatigue resistance than K3 #25/.06, which was not found by the C-test. Variation in fatigue test methodology resulted in different cyclic fatigue resistance rankings for various NiTi files. Conclusions: The new methodology standardized the load during fatigue testing, allowing determination fatigue behavior under constant load conditions.

      • KCI등재

        Cyclic fatigue resistance tests of Nickel-Titanium rotary files using simulated canal and weight loading conditions

        Ok-In Cho,Antheunis Versluis,Gary SP Cheung,Jung-Hong Ha,Bock Hur,Hyeon-Cheol Kim 大韓齒科保存學會 2013 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.38 No.1

        Objectives: This study compared the cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel–titanium (NiTi) files obtained in a conventional test using a simulated canal with a newly developed method that allows the application of constant fatigue load conditions. Materials and Methods: ProFile and K3 files of #25/.06, #30/.06, and #40/.04 were selected. Two types of testing devices were built to test their fatigue performance. The first (conventional) device prescribed curvature inside a simulated canal (C-test), the second new device exerted a constant load (L-test) whilst allowing any resulting curvature. Ten new instruments of each size and brand were tested with each device. The files were rotated until fracture and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was determined. The NCF were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s post-hoc test for each method. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was computed to examine any association between methods. Results: Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (p = -0.905) showed a significant negative correlation between methods. Groups with significant difference after the L-test divided into 4 clusters, whilst the C-test gave just 2 clusters. From the L-test, considering the negative correlation of NCF, K3 gave a significantly lower fatigue resistance than ProFile as in the C-test. K3 #30/.06 showed a lower fatigue resistance than K3 #25/.06, which was not found by the C-test. Variation in fatigue test methodology resulted in different cyclic fatigue resistance rankings for various NiTi files. Conclusions: The new methodology standardized the load during fatigue testing, allowing determination fatigue behavior under constant load conditions

      • The geometric effect of an off-centered cross-section on nickel–titanium rotary instruments: A finite element analysis study

        Ha, Jung-Hong,Kwak, Sang Won,Versluis, Antheunis,Lee, Chan-Joo,Park, Se-Hee,Kim, Hyeon-Cheol Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of 2017 Journal of Dental Sciences Vol.12 No.2

        <P><B>Background/purpose</B></P><P>Geometric design dictates the mechanical performance of nickel–titanium rotary instruments. Using finite element (FE) analysis, this study evaluated the effects of an off-centered cross-sectional design on the stiffness and stress distribution of nickel–titanium rotary instruments.</P><P><B>Materials and methods</B></P><P>We constructed three-dimensional FE models, using ProTaper-NEXT type design (PTN) as well as three other virtual instruments with varied cross-sectional aspect ratios but all with the same cross-sectional area. The cross-sectional aspect ratio of the PTN was 0.75, while others were assigned to have ratios of 1.0 (square), 1.5 (rectangle), and 2.215 (centered-rectangle). The PTN center of the cross-section was ‘<I>k</I>’, while others were designed to have 0.9992<I>k</I>, 0.7<I>k</I>, and 0 for the square, rectangle, and centered-rectangle models, respectively. To compare the stiffness of the four FE models, we numerically analyzed their mechanical response under bending and torque.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Under the bending condition, the square model was found to be the stiffest, followed by the PTN, rectangle, and then the centered-rectangle model. Under the torsion, the square model had the smallest distortion angle, while the rectangular model had the highest distortion angle.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Under the limitation of this study, the PTN type off-centered cross-sectional design appeared the most optimal configuration among the tested designs for high bending stiffness with cutting efficiency while rotational stiffness remained similar with the other designs.</P>

      • SCIESCOPUS

        Mechanical response of nickel–titanium instruments with different cross-sectional designs during shaping of simulated curved canals

        Kim, H. C.,Kim, H. J.,Lee, C. J.,Kim, B. M.,Park, J. K.,Versluis, A. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 International endodontic journal Vol.42 No.7

        <P>Abstract</P><P>Aim </P><P>To evaluate how different cross-sectional designs affect stress distribution in nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments during bending, torsion and simulated shaping of a curved canal.</P><P>Methodology </P><P>Four NiTi rotary instruments with different cross-sectional geometries were selected: ProFile and HeroShaper systems with a common triangle-based cross section, Mtwo with an S-shaped rectangle-based design and NRT with a modified rectangle-based design. The geometries of the selected files were scanned in a micro-CT and three-dimensional finite-element models were created for each system. Stiffness characteristics for each file system were determined in a series of bending and torsional conditions. Canal shaping was simulated by inserting models of the rotating file into a 45° curved canal model. Stress distribution in the instruments was recorded during simulated shaping. After the instruments were retracted from the canal, residual stresses and permanent bending of their tips due to plastic deformation were determined.</P><P>Results </P><P>The greatest bending and torsional stiffness occurred in the NRT file. During simulated shaping, the instruments with triangle-based cross-sectional geometry had more even stress distributions along their length and had lower stress concentrations than the instruments with rectangle-based cross sections. Higher residual stresses and plastic deformations were found in the Mtwo and NRT with rectangle-based cross-sectional geometries.</P><P>Conclusions </P><P>Nickel–titanium instruments with rectangle-based cross-sectional designs created higher stress differentials during simulated canal shaping and may encounter higher residual stress and plastic deformation than instruments with triangle-based cross sections.</P>

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