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Unnithan, Afeesh Rajan,Ghavami Nejad, Amin,Sasikala, Arathyram Ramachandra Kurup,Thomas, Reju George,Jeong, Yong Yeon,Murugesan, Priya,Nasseri, Saeed,Wu, Dongmei,Park, Chan Hee,Kim, Cheol Sang Elsevier 2016 Chemical Engineering Journal Vol.287 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Wound care management is a serious issue among the medical practitioners due to its varying complexity and various materials were tested for fast relief and easy removal. In this regard zwitterionic polymer based wound dressing membranes are the key point of attraction. Here we prepared a novel zwitterionic poly (carboxybetaine-co-methyl methacrylate) (CBMA) copolymer based nanomembranes using the electrospinning technique for the wound dressing application. The study takes advantage of the outstanding chemical properties of zwitterionic CBMA and the morphological efficiency of nanomembranes. The cell attachment studies proved the cell inert nature of thus prepared membranes. Such non cell adherent wound dressing membranes can be applied as the easy removable, no-pain wound dressing bandages. Our results clearly showed that the excellent blood-inert nature can be achieved by the CBMA nanofiber membranes. Therefore, there will be less chance of attaching blood clot with the wound dressing membrane and is extremely significant for the care of patients with large areas of chronic wounds. Additionally the in vivo results showed the formation of new tissues within two weeks, evidence of a complete wound healing material. So our CBMA membrane can be successfully used as a perfect wound dressing material with minimum cosmetic scar.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Non cell adherent wound dressing membranes. </LI> <LI> Easy removable, no-pain wound dressing bandages. </LI> <LI> Blood inert wound dressing membrane, suitable for large areas of chronic wounds. </LI> <LI> Resist microbial biofilm formation and hence provides minimum chance of infection. </LI> <LI> Minimum cosmetic scar due to less cell adsorption on wound dressing membrane. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Rajan Unnithan, A.,Ramachandra Kurup Sasikala, A.,Park, C.H.,Kim, C.S. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2017 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.46 No.-
<P>The present study explores the first ever fabrication of graphene oxide (GO)Chitosan (CS)Hyaluronic acid (HA) based bioactive composite scaffold containing an osteogenesis-inducing drug simvastatin (SV) for bone tissue engineering application. Porosity, density, swelling, degradation and biomineralization studies favored the SV loaded GOCSHA scaffold in comparison to the conventional CS and HA based scaffolds. The in vitro results showed that the SV also offers a significant influence on osteogenesis and biomineralization and it possess excellent biocompatibility to be used as a bone tissue engineering scaffold, which is able to persuade osteogenesis and mineralization. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.</P>
Liao, N.,Unnithan, A.R.,Joshi, M.K.,Tiwari, A.P.,Hong, S.T.,Park, C.H.,Kim, C.S. Elsevier 2015 Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engi Vol.469 No.-
<P>Electrospun nanofibrous mat for wound dressing application was successfully prepared from poly (6caprolactone) (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA) and dextran blend solution. Incorporation of small amount of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), an antibacterial drug, improved the cell proliferation, enhanced blood clotting ability and cell attachment as well as antimicrobial activity of the composite mat. The composite mats were characterized by SEM, FTIR and TGA analysis. In order to evaluate the cytocompatibility and cell behavior of the composite scaffolds, fibroblast cells were seeded on the matrix. Results demonstrated that the incorporation of dextran and drug strongly enhanced the adhesion and proliferation of the cells on the composite nanofibers. The antimicrobial activity of the composite was studied by zone inhibition against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the result indicates high antibacterial activity. Therefore, as synthesized composite fiber have decent characteristics for wound dressing and skin engineering applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Rezk, Abdelrahman I.,Rajan Unnithan, Afeesh,Hee Park, Chan,Sang Kim, Cheol Elsevier 2018 Chemical engineering journal Vol.350 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Multilayer nanofibrous scaffolds are gaining great attention in biomedical fields especially as tissue regeneration materials as well as drug delivery devices. Herein, we report the unique design of a tri-layered composite nanofiber scaffold mimicking the bone ECM for bone tissue regeneration. The tri-layered membrane consists of a superficial layer of PVA-PVAc loaded with simvastatin to initiate and improve osteogenesis process via sustained release of the drug as well as the excellent bioactivity of its blended polymers. The PCL-CA-β-tcp middle layer acts as a platform for stimulating the bio mineralization process mimicking the apatite like layer which mainly start after the first week of implantation. The final PCL layer performs as the fundamental layer to keep mechanical properties of the composite mat. The as prepared scaffolds were investigated in terms of morphology characterization, physiochemical properties, biomimetic mineralization, drug release and biocompatibility. The <I>in vitro</I> drug release study confirms the sustained release of simvastatin from the tri-layered membrane by obeying the Korsemeyer-Peppas, Higushi model and Kopcha model. The results demonstrate that the proposed biocompatible tri-layered scaffold will be a promising future material for bone tissue regeneration application by providing higher mineralization, enhanced cell attachment and proliferation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Unique design of a tri-layered composite nanofiber scaffold mimicking the bone ECM. </LI> <LI> Single scaffold for bone regeneration and osteogenic drug delivery. </LI> <LI> Composite nanofiber enhanced osteoblast cell adhesion and proliferation. </LI> <LI> Potential platform for stimulating the biomineralization process. </LI> <LI> Drug release by obeying the Korsemeyer-Peppas and Kopcha model. </LI> </UL> </P>
GhavamiNejad, Amin,Rajan Unnithan, Afeesh,Ramachandra Kurup Sasikala, Arathyram,Samarikhalaj, Melisa,Thomas, Reju George,Jeong, Yong Yeon,Nasseri, Saeed,Murugesan, Priya,Wu, Dongmei,Hee Park, Chan,Kim American Chemical Society 2015 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.7 No.22
<P>Electrospun nanofibers that contain silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a strong antibacterial activity that is beneficial to wound healing. However, most of the literature available on the bactericidal effects of this material is based on the use of AgNPs with uncontrolled size, shape, surface properties, and degree of aggregation. In this study, we report the first versatile synthesis of novel catechol moieties presenting electrospun nanofibers functionalized with AgNPs through catechol redox chemistry. The synthetic strategy allows control of the size and amount of AgNPs on the surface of nanofibers with the minimum degree of aggregation. We also evaluated the rate of release of the AgNPs, the biocompatibility of the nanofibers, the antibacterial activity in vitro, and the wound healing capacity in vivo. Our results suggest that these silver-releasing nanofibers have great potential for use in wound healing applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2015/aamick.2015.7.issue-22/acsami.5b02542/production/images/medium/am-2015-02542w_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am5b02542'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Thomas, Reju George,Unnithan, Afeesh Rajan,Moon, Myeong Ju,Surendran, Suchithra Poilil,Batgerel, Tumurbaatar,Park, Chan Hee,Kim, Cheol Sang,Jeong, Yong Yeon Elsevier 2018 International journal of biological macromolecules Vol.110 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We prepared Janus microspheres based on sodium alginate for the encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in one compartment and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) or a drug in the second compartment. 4% percent sodium alginate solution was allowed to pass through a septum-theta capillary device and react with 2.5% calcium chloride to allow crosslinking to occur in the solution, forming calcium alginate Janus microspheres. Physico-chemical characterization of microspheres was done by FTIR, TGA, and XRD after loading of stem cells and IONP/drug. The mechanical integrity of microspheres was tested at different time points, which showed that 4% alginate microspheres were mechanically stable for a long period of time. Live/dead staining of MSCs alone and the MTS assay of MSCs and DMSO co-loaded were performed, which showed less toxicity to MSC in the Janus configuration. IONP/MSC-loaded Janus microspheres were tested by magnetic manipulation for targeted MSC delivery for cartilage repair using an electromagnetic manipulation (EMM) device. Janus microspheres can be used for targeted stem cell/drug delivery using EMM for cartilage repair in the near future.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P> <P>Janus microsphere loaded with MSC’s and IONP/drug and injection to cartilage repair area.</P>
Kim, J.H.,Unnithan, A.R.,Kim, H.J.,Tiwari, A.P.,Park, C.H.,Kim, C.S. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2015 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.30 No.-
<P>In this study, silver nanoparticles and badger oil were embedded into nanofibrous polyurethane (PU) mats via electrospinning. Badger oil is mainly composed of fatty acids and is used as a traditional medicine to heal wounds and the silver nanoparticles contribute to the wound healing process by reducing wound contamination. The composite mats exhibited good bactericidal activity against both of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, with better cell attachment and proliferation. The results of this study indicate that the proposed composite mats can be used for various biomedical purposes, including as dressings for burn wounds or to treat skin disease. (C) 2015 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Aguilar, Ludwig Erik,Unnithan, Afeesh Rajan,Amarjargal, Altangerel,Tiwari, Arjun Prasad,Hong, Seong Tshool,Park, Chan Hee,Kim, Cheol Sang Elsevier 2015 International journal of pharmaceutics Vol.478 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A nanofiber composite mat of PU and Eudragit<SUP>®</SUP> L100-55 was created using electrospinning process. The pH dependent release of paclitaxel was successfully done with the use of PU/EL100-55 nanocomposite mats as the controlling platform. The morphology of the nanofiber composites was surveyed using FESEM and ratios of the polymers affects the diameter of the nanofiber. Characterization of the nanofiber composite mat was done using FTIR, DSC-TGA method. The release rate of paclitaxel was determined and analyzed by in vitro drug release method. In order to mimic the condition of a human duodenum, the fibers were submersed on PBS of different pH levels (4.0, 6.0,) respectively, and then analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Composite mats submersed in PBS with pH 4.0 showed lesser release profile compared to mats submersed in PBS with pH of 6.0. The composite mat has adequate mechanical properties and in vitro cell biocompatibility indicating that the material can be used for drug eluting stent cover application.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Sathish Kumar, Y.,Unnithan, A.R.,Sen, D.,Kim, C.S.,Lee, Y.S. Elsevier 2015 Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engi Vol.477 No.-
Electrospinning is a fabrication process that uses an electric field to control the deposition of polymer fibers onto a target substrate. Nanofiber possess the characteristic features of high length-to-diameter ratio and specific surface areas, enabling it to be used for protective clothing, filter, antibacterial membrane, reinforced composite, and tissue engineering. We have adopted a method of direct in situ electrospinning to produce mats composed of the culture filtrate from low shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG) grown Penicillium chrysogenum with a suitable carrier polymer to aid in its electrospinning. The antibacterial activity of the mat is attributed to the presence of penicillin in the culture filtrate. The presence of penicillin was confirmed by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The mat was found to be effective against gram positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The process, stability and characterization of the biological properties of such nanofibrous scaffolds are demonstrated.