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あぁかがさざただなはばぱまやゃらわゎんいぃきぎしじちぢにひびぴみりうぅくぐすずつづっぬふぶぷむゆゅるえぇけげせぜてでねへべぺめれおぉこごそぞとどのほぼぽもよょろを

アァカサザタダナハバパマヤャラワヮンイィキギシジチヂニヒビピミリウゥクグスズツヅッヌフブプムユュルエェケゲセゼテデヘベペメレオォコゴソゾトドノホボポモヨョロヲ ―

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á à Á À é è É È ç Ç ê

Ä Ö Ü ä ö ü ß

ְ ֳ ֲ ֱ ָ ַ ֵ ֶ ִ ֹ ּ ֻ ׂ ׁ ּ פ ם ן ו ט א ר ק ף ך ל ח י ע כ ג ד ש ץ ת צ מ נ ה ב

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± × ÷ ≠ ≤ ≥ ∞ ∴ ♂ ♀ ∠ ⊥ ⌒ ∂ ∇ ≡ ≒ ≪ ≫ √ ∽ ∝ ∵ ∫ ∬ ∈ ∋ ⊆ ⊇ ⊂ ⊃ ∪ ∩ ∧ ∨ ￢ ⇒ ⇔ ∀ ∃ ∮ ∑ ∏ ＋－＜＝＞

、。 · ‥ … ¨ 〃 ― ∥ ＼ ∼ ´ ～ ˇ ˘ ˝ ˚ ˙ ¸ ˛ ¡ ¿ ː ！＇，．／：；？＾＿｀｜

½ ⅓ ⅔ ¼ ¾ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁿ ₁ ₂ ₃ ₄

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′ ″ ℃ Å ￠￡￥ ¤ ℉ ‰ ＄％Ｆ￦㎕㎖㎗ ℓ ㎘㏄㎣㎤㎥㎦㎙㎚㎛㎜㎝㎞㎟㎠㎡㎢㏊㎍㎎㎏㏏㎈㎉㏈㎧㎨㎰㎱㎲㎳㎴㎵㎶㎷㎸㎹㎀㎁㎂㎃㎄㎺㎻㎽㎾㎿㎐㎑㎒㎓㎔ Ω ㏀㏁㎊㎋㎌㏖㏅㎭㎮㎯㏛㎩㎪㎫㎬㏝㏐㏓㏃㏉㏜㏆

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1
Potential Uses of Exotic Germplasm for Enhancing Yield and Biotic Resistance of Corn in Myanmar

Win Win Nwe,John Ba Maw,Thant Lwin Oo,May Thet Naing,Hlaing Hlaing Khin,Khin Thandar Min,Thandar Win,Soon-Kwon Kim 한국작물학회 2010 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.04
- 원문보기
Corn (Zea mays.L) is the second leading cereal in Myanmar and an important commodity in earning farmers’ income and foreign currencies. To increase productivity, development of locally adapted better hybrid is strongly needed. For upgrading the hybrid corn research and development program, Department of Agricultural Research (DAR) invited the International Corn Foundation (ICF)/Kyungpook National University (KNU) in 2005. Under this collaborative program, research on genetic potential of exotic germplasm introduced from Nepal, Hawaii, Korea, China and IITA has been carried out in 2009 rainy season. Yield trials of 108 and 80 combinations of Myanmar lines and exotic germplasm (Normal × Normal crosses, Normal × Super-sweet) were carried out in Tatkone, Yezin (central zone), Nyaung Mon (north zone), Aung Ban (highland zone) research stations, respectively. These experimental crosses are produced in Korea and Cambodia, 2008. Two to five outstanding hybrids have been selected for three respective zones. Selected hybrids yielded 50-100% more than the best commercial hybrid, CP888 imported from Thailand.The hybrids are tolerant to Rhizoctonia blight in the Tatkone, Exserohilum turcicum blight in Aung Ban, and E. turcicum and stem borers in the Nyaung Mon. A couple of normal super-sweet corn hybrids were selected for nutrition, sugar and vitamin A+. These results point out that introgression of exotic alleles has a potential to increase the heterotic response in yield and biotic resistance. Thus, an understanding of the heterotic relationship between adapted and exotic is needed to exploit exotic germplasm intelligently.
2
Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in Myanmar

Aung, Wah Wah,Ei, Phyu Win,Nyunt, Wint Wint,Swe, Thyn Lei,Lwin, Thandar,Htwe, Mi Mi,Kim, Kyung Jun,Lee, Jong Seok,Kim, Chang Ki,Cho, Sang Nae,Song, Sun Dae,Chang, Chulhun L. The Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine 2015 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.35 No.5
- 원문보기 2
 ScienceON
 
 KCI
BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is one of the most serious health problems in Myanmar. Because TB drug resistance is associated with genetic mutation(s) relevant to responses to each drug, genotypic methods for detecting these mutations have been proposed to overcome the limitations of classic phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST). We explored the current estimates of drug-resistant TB and evaluated the usefulness of genotypic DST in Myanmar.MethodsWe determined the drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from sputum smear-positive patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB at two main TB centers in Myanmar during 2013 by using conventional phenotypic DST and the GenoType MTBDRplus assay (Hain Lifescience, Germany). Discrepant results were confirmed by sequencing the genes relevant to each type of resistance (rpoB for rifampicin; katG and inhA for isoniazid).ResultsOf 191 isolates, phenotypic DST showed that 27.7% (n=53) were resistant to at least one first-line drug and 20.9% (n=40) were resistant to two or more, including 18.3% (n=35) multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) strains. Monoresistant strains accounted for 6.8% (n=13) of the samples. Genotypic assay of 189 isolates showed 17.5% (n=33) MDR-TB and 5.3% (n=10) isoniazid-monoresistant strains. Genotypic susceptibility results were 99.5% (n=188) concordant and agreed almost perfectly with phenotypic DST (kappa=0.99; 95% confidence interval 0.96-1.01).ConclusionsThe results highlight the burden of TB drug resistance and prove the usefulness of the genotypic DST in Myanmar.