Low-shrinking composites. Are they reliable for bonding orthodontic retainers?

Uysal, Tancan,Sakin, Caglar,AI-Qunaian, Talal The Korean Association Of Orthodontists 2011 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.41 No.1

Objective: To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS), fracture mode, wire pull out (WPO) resistance and microleakage between low-shrinking and conventional composites used as a lingual retainer adhesive. Methods: A total of 120 human mandibular incisor teeth, extracted for periodontal reasons, were collected. Sixty of them were separated into two groups. To determine the SBS, either Transbond-LR (3M-Unitek) or Silorane (3M-Espe) was applied to the lingual surface of the teeth by packing the material into standard cylindrical plastic matrices (Ultradent) to simulate the lingual retainer bonding area. To test WPO resistance, 20 samples were prepared for each composite where the wire was embedded in the composite materialand cured. Then tensile stress was applied until failure of the composite occurred. The remaining 60 teeth were divided into two groups and multi-stranded 0.0215-inch diameter wire was bonded with the same composites. Microleakage was evaluated by the dye penetration method. Statistical analyses were performed by Wilcoxon, Pearson chi-square, and Mann-Whitney-U tests at p < 0.05 level. Results: The SBS and WPO results were not statistically significant between the two groups. Significant differences were found between the groups in terms of fracture mode (p < 0.001). Greater percentages of the fractures showed mix type failure (85%) for Silorane and adhesive (60%) for Transbond-LR. Microleakage values were lower in low-shrinking composite than the control and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Low-shrinking composite produced sufficient SBS, WPO and microleakage values on the etched enamel surfaces, when used as a lingual retainer composite.

Low-shrinking composites. Are they reliable for bonding orthodontic retainers?

Tancan Uysal,Caglar Sakin,Talal Al-Qunaian 대한치과교정학회 2011 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.41 No.1

Objective: To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS), fracture mode, wire pull out (WPO) resistance and microleakage between low-shrinking and conventional composites used as a lingual retainer adhesive. Methods: A total of 120 human mandibular incisor teeth, extracted for periodontal reasons, were collected. Sixty of them were separated into two groups. To determine the SBS, either Transbond-LR (3M-Unitek) or Silorane (3M-Espe) was applied to the lingual surface of the teeth by packing the material into standard cylindrical plastic matrices (Ultradent) to simulate the lingual retainer bonding area. To test WPO resistance, 20 samples were prepared for each composite where the wire was embedded in the composite materialand cured. Then tensile stress was applied until failure of the composite occurred. The remaining 60 teeth were divided into two groups and multi-stranded 0.0215-inch diameter wire was bonded with the same composites. Microleakage was evaluated by the dye penetration method. Statistical analyses were performed by Wilcoxon, Pearson chi-square, and Mann-Whitney-U tests at p < 0.05 level. Results: The SBS and WPO results were not statistically significant between the two groups. Significant differences were found between the groups in terms of fracture mode (p < 0.001). Greater percentages of the fractures showed mix type failure (85%) for Silorane and adhesive (60%) for Transbond-LR. Microleakage values were lower in low-shrinking composite than the control and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Low-shrinking composite produced sufficient SBS, WPO and microleakage values on the etched enamel surfaces, when used as a lingual retainer composite. (Korean J Orthod 2011;41(1):51-58)

Stimulation of bone formation by direct electrical current in an orthopedically expanded suture in the rat

Uysal, Tancan,Amasyali, Mihri,Olmez, Huseyin,Karslioglu, Yildirim,Gunhan, Omer The Korean Association Of Orthodontists 2010 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.40 No.2

이 실험적 연구는 직류 전류 자극(direct electrical current stimulation, DECS)을 백서의 확장된 전상악골간 봉합에 가하였을 시 골 재생에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 시행되었다. 60마리의 웅성 Wistar rats를 연구에 사용하였으며 대조군과 실험군의 2개의 군으로 나누었다. 상악 절치 사이에 30-gram의 힘을 발휘하는 helical-spring을 적용하여 상악골의 확장을 두 군 모두에서 시행하였다. 실험군에서는 상악골 측면부에 금속 스크류를 식립하였고 스크류에 전극을 연결하였다. 장치는 지속적으로 $10{\mu}A$의 전류를 흘러 보내도록 조절하였으며 전류는 확장기와 초기 유지기 동안 매일 점검하였다. 골 재생을 조직형태계측학적으로 평가하기 위해 신생골 면적(${\mu}m^2$), 골 둘레길이(${\mu}m$), feret's diameter (${\mu}m$) 와 신생골(%)을 계측하였다. 결과는 유의수준 p < 0.05에서 Kruskal-Wallis rank와 Mann-Whitney U tests를 이용하여 통계 분석하였다. 실험 결과 조사한 모든 조직형태계측적 수치들에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 양 군 사이에서 나타났다. 신생골 면적 (p = 0.002), 골 둘레길이 (p = 0.002), feret's diameter (p = 0.002)와 신생골 비율 (p = 0.002)의 모든 계측치가 실험군에서 대조군에 비해 높게 나타났다. 이런 결과는 DECS 군에서 골 형성이 더 양호함을 의미한다. 결론적으로 악정형적으로 확장시킨 전상악골 봉합부에 DECS를 적용하면 초기 유지 기간 중에 신생골 형성이 촉진된다고 할 수 있다. Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of direct electrical current stimulation (DECS) on bone regeneration in response to an expansion of the inter-premaxillary suture in the rat. Methods: Sixteen 50 - 60 days old Wistar male rats were separated into two equal groups (control and experimental). Both groups were subjected to expansion, and 30-gram of force was applied to the maxillary incisors with helical-spring. In the experimental group, two metallic-screws were placed at lateral parts of the maxillary segments. Electrodes were connected to the screws. The device was activated with current adjustment to measure $10{\mu}A$ continuously and the current was monitored daily during the expansion and early-retention phase. Bone regeneration in the sutural area was histomorphometrically evaluated including new-bone area (${\mu}m^2$), bone perimeter (${\mu}m$), feret's diameter (${\mu}m$) and newly formed bone (%) parameters. Kruskal-Wallis rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical evaluation at p < 0.05 level. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant differences between groups for all investigated histomorphometric parameters. New bone area (p = 0.002), bone perimeter (p = 0.004), feret's diameter (p = 0.002) and newly formed bone percentage (p = 0.002) measurements were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. Bone histomorphometric measurements revealed that bone architecture in the DECS group was improved. Conclusions: The application of DECS to an orthopedically expanded inter-premaxillary suture area during the early retention phase stimulated the formation of new bone.

Stimulation of bone formation by direct electrical current in an orthopedically expanded suture in the rat

Tancan Uysal,Mihri Amasyali Orthodontics, Centre of Dental Sciences, Gu''lhane Military Medical Academy,MS,b Huseyin Olmez,Yildirim Karslioglu,Omer Gunhan 대한치과교정학회 2010 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.40 No.2

Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of direct electrical current stimulation (DECS) on bone regeneration in response to an expansion of the inter-premaxillary suture in the rat. Methods: Sixteen 50 - 60 days old Wistar male rats were separated into two equal groups (control and experimental). Both groups were subjected to expansion, and 30-gram of force was applied to the maxillary incisors with helical-spring. In the experimental group, two metallic-screws were placed at lateral parts of the maxillary segments. Electrodes were connected to the screws. The device was activated with current adjustment to measure 10μA continuously and the current was monitored daily during the expansion and early-retention phase. Bone regeneration in the sutural area was histomorphometrically evaluated including new-bone area (μm²), bone perimeter (μm), feret’s diameter (μm) and newly formed bone (%) parameters. Kruskal-Wallis rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical evaluation at p < 0.05 level. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant differences between groups for all investigated histomorphometric parameters. New bone area (p = 0.002), bone perimeter (p = 0.004), feret’s diameter (p = 0.002) and newly formed bone percentage (p = 0.002) measurements were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. Bone histomorphometric measurements revealed that bone architecture in the DECS group was improved. Conclusions: The application of DECS to an orthopedically expanded inter-premaxillary suture area during the early retention phase stimulated the formation of new bone. 이 실험적 연구는 직류 전류 자극(direct electrical current stimulation, DECS)을 백서의 확장된 전상악골간 봉합에 가하였을 시 골 재생에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 시행되었다. 60마리의 웅성 Wistar rats를 연구에 사용하였으며 대조군과 실험군의 2개의 군으로 나누었다. 상악 절치 사이에 30-gram의 힘을 발휘하는 helical-spring을 적용하여 상악골의 확장을 두 군 모두에서 시행하였다. 실험군에서는 상악골측면부에 금속 스크류를 식립하였고 스크류에 전극을 연결하였다. 장치는 지속적으로 10μA의 전류를 흘러 보내도록 조절하였으며 전류는 확장기와 초기 유지기 동안 매일 점검하였다. 골 재생을 조직형태계측학적으로 평가하기 위해 신생골 면적(μm²), 골 둘레길이(μm), feret’s diameter (μm)와 신생골(%)을 계측하였다. 결과는 유의수준 p < 0.05에서 Kruskal-Wallis rank와 Mann-Whitney U tests를 이용하여 통계 분석하였다. 실험 결과 조사한 모든 조직형태계측적 수치들에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 양 군 사이에서 나타났다. 신생골 면적 (p = 0.002), 골 둘레길이 (p = 0.002), feret’s diameter (p = 0.002)와 신생골 비율 (p = 0.002)의 모든 계측치가 실험군에서 대조군에 비해 높게 나타났다. 이런 결과는 DECS 군에서 골 형성이 더 양호함을 의미한다. 결론적으로 악정형적으로 확장시킨 전상악골 봉합부에 DECS를 적용하면 초기 유지 기간 중에 신생골 형성이 촉진된다고 할 수 있다.

Stimulation of bone formation in the expanding inter-premaxillary suture by vitamin E, in rat

Tancan Uysal,Mihri Amasyali,Huseyin Olmez,Yildirim Karslioglu,Omer Gunhan 대한치과교정학회 2009 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.39 No.5

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) administration on bone formation in response to expansion of the inter-premaxillary suture, in rats, histomorphometrically. Methods: Thirty 50 - 60 day old Wistar rats were separated into five equal groups (one control and four experimental). All groups were subjected to inter-premaxilla expansion with 50-gram of force. Six control animals received saline solution (Group I) and three experimental groups were treated with a single dose of α-tocopherol injected into the inter-premaxillary suture after one day after appliance placement (Group II: 2 mg/kg; Group III: 10 mg/kg; and Group IV: 50 mg/kg). A further group of six animals received three injections of 10 mg/kg α-tocopherol, one each on days 3, 6, and 9 (Group V). Bone formation in the suture was evaluated by bone histomorphometry. Kruskal-Wallis rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical evaluation at p < 0.05 level. Results: New bone area, bone perimeter, feret?s diameter and newly formed bone measurements were significantly higher in the experimental groups than the control (p < 0.001). Bone architecture in α-tocopherol administrated groups was improved, and bone formation during the expansion period was stimulated significantly, in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: The application of α-tocopherol during the early stages to orthopedically expanded inter-premaxillary suture areas may stimulate bone formation and shorten the retention period, in rats. 본 연구는 백서에서 전상악골 봉합부의 확장시 비타민 E (α-토코페롤) 복용의 골형성 효과를 조직계측학적으로 평가하기 위해 시행되었다. 30마리의 50 - 60일된 백서를 6마리씩 5개 집단(대조군과 실험군 4개 집단)으로 분류하였다. 모든 실험 집단에서 50 gm의 힘으로 전상악부를 확장하였다. 장치 장착 1일 후, 대조군(Group I)에는 생리식염수를, 실험군(Group II, Group III, Group IV)에는 α-토코페롤을 각각 2 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg씩 전상악골 봉합부에 주사하였다. 다른 실험군(Group V)에는 장치 장착 3, 6, 9일 후 각각 10 mg/kg씩의 α-토코페롤을 주사하였다. 10일간 유지한 뒤 봉합부에서의 골형성을 조직계측학적 방법으로 평가하였다. Kruskal-Wallis rank 및 Mann-Whitney U test를 사용하여 유의수준 0.05에서 통계분석하였다. 신생골 면적, 둘레, 직경의 계측치에서 실험군이 대조군보다 통계적으로 유의성있게 높은 수치를 나타내었다 (p < 0.001). α-토코페롤을 주사한 집단에서 골 내부구조가 향상되었고, 확장으로 인한골형성은 주사한 α-토코페롤 용량에 비례하여 유의성있게 증가되었다. 백서에서 전상악골 봉합부의 확장시 초기 단계에서의 α-토코페롤 주입은 골형성을 촉진하고 유지기간을 단축시킬 수 있을 것이다.

Cone-beam computed tomography assessment of mandibular asymmetry in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients

Ilknur Veli,Tancan Uysal,Faruk Izzet Ucar,Murat Eruz,Torun Ozer 대한치과교정학회 2011 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.41 No.6

Objective: To determine whether there is any difference between the cleft and non-cleft sides of the mandible in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients, or the right and left sides in control patients; and to determine if there is any difference between the mandibular asymmetry of UCLP patients and that of control patients. Methods: We examined cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 15 patients with UCLP and 15 age- and gender-matched control patients. We evaluated 8 linear, 3 surface, and 3 volumetric measurements and compared the cleft/non-cleft sides of UCLP patients and the right/left sides of controls. Results: There were no statistically significant gender differences in any linear, surface, or volumetric measurement. The single significant side-to-side difference in UCLP patients was a longer coronoid unit on the cleft side than on the non-cleft side (p = 0.046). Body volume was significantly lower in the UCLP group than in the control group (p = 0.008). Conclusions: In general, UCLP patients have symmetrical mandibles, although the coronoid unit length is significantly longer on the cleft side than on the non-cleft side. UCLP patients and controls differed only in body volume. (Korean J Orthod 2011;41(6): 431-439)

Evaluation of alveolar bone loss following rapid maxillary expansion using cone-beam computed tomography

Asli Baysal,Tancan Uysal,Ilknur Veli,Torun Ozer,Irfan Karadede,Seyit Hekimoglu 대한치과교정학회 2013 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.43 No.2

Objective: To evaluate the changes in cortical bone thickness, alveolar bone height, and the incidence of dehiscence and fenestration in the surrounding alveolar bone of posterior teeth after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: The CBCT records of 20 subjects (9 boys, mean age: 13.97 ± 1.17 years; 11 girls, mean age: 13.53 ± 2.12 year) that underwent RME were selected from the archives. CBCT scans had been taken before (T1) and after (T2) the RME. Moreover, 10 of the subjects had 6-month retention (T3) records. We used the CBCT data to evaluate the buccal and palatal aspects of the canines, first and second premolars, and the first molars at 3 vertical levels. The cortical bone thickness and alveolar bone height at T1 and T2 were evaluated with the paired-samples t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Repeated measure ANOVA or the Friedman test was used to evaluate the statistical significance at T1, T2, and T3. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The buccal cortical bone thickness decreased gradually from baseline to the end of the retention period. After expansion, the buccal alveolar bone height was reduced significantly; however, this change was not statistically significant after the 6-month retention period. During the course of the treatment, the incidence of dehiscence and fenestration increased and decreased, respectively. Conclusions: RME may have detrimental effects on the supporting alveolar bone, since the thickness and height of the buccal alveolar bone decreased during the retention period.

Comparison of three different orthodontic wires for bonded lingual retainer fabrication

Asli Baysal,Tancan Uysal,Nisa Gul,Melike Busra Alan,Sabri Ilhan Ramoglu 대한치과교정학회 2012 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Objective: We evaluated the detachment force, amount of deformation, fracture mode, and pull-out force of 3 different wires used for bonded lingual retainer fabrication. Methods: We tested 0.0215-inch five-stranded wire (PentaOne, Masel; group I), 0.016 × 0.022-inch dead-soft eight-braided wire (Bond-ABraid, Reliance; group II), and 0.0195-inch dead-soft coaxial wire (Respond, Ormco; group III). To test detachment force, deformation, and fracture mode, we embedded 94 lower incisor teeth in acrylic blocks in pairs. Retainer wires were bonded to the teeth and vertically directed force was applied to the wire. To test pull-out force, wires were embedded in composite that was placed in a hole at the center of an acrylic block. Tensile force was applied along the long axis of the wire. Results: Detachment force and mode of fracture were not different between groups. Deformation was significantly higher in groups II and III than in group I (p < 0.001). Mean pull-out force was significantly higher for group I compared to groups II and III (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Detachment force and fracture mode were similar for all wires, but greater deformations were seen in dead-soft wires. Wire pull-out force was significantly higher for five-stranded coaxial wire than for the other wires tested. Five-stranded coaxial wires are suggested for use in bonded lingual retainers.

Effects of conventional and self-etching adhesive systems on bond strength of orthodontic attachments bonded to erupted and unerupted teeth

Metin Nur,Tancan Uysal,Cemal Yesilyurt,Mehmet Bayram 대한치과교정학회 2010 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.40 No.4

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) and failure-mode of orthodontic buttons bonded to erupted and unerupted teeth with conventional and self-etching adhesive systems. Methods: Eighty-four erupted and 84 unerupted, human third-molar teeth were used. For both groups, the buccal surfaces of each tooth were assigned one of the following type of adhesive systems (n = 12). A, Conventional systems: 1, Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA); 2, Prime & Bond NT (Dentsply/Caulk, Milford, USA); 3, Single Bond (3M ESPE, Minnesota, USA); and B, Self-etching adhesives; 4, Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); 5, Transbond Plus (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA); 6, Clearfil S3 (Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan); 7, G Bond (GC, Tokyo, Japan). The SBSs of the attachments and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were recorded. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent-sample t-test and chi-square tests. Results: When the SBSs of erupted and unerupted teeth were compared, only the Clearfil-SE Bond and G-Bond were significantly different. Bond strengths of all adhesive systems were higher in unerupted teeth than erupted teeth, except the Single-Bond system. Conclusions: When using conventional adhesives, bonding to erupted and unerupted teeth may not be significantly different. However, clinicians need to take into consideration the types of self-etching systems before usage. 이번 연구의 목적은 맹출 또는 미맹출된 치아에 교정용 버튼을 부착 후 자가부식 접착제(self-etching adhesive)의 사용 유무에 대한 전단결합강도(shear bond strength)와 탈락모드를 비교하고자 함이다. 각각 84개의 맹출 또는 미맹출된 제3대구치를 사용하였다. 각각 치아의 협측면을 다음의 부착시스템 그룹으로 할당하였다. A, 기존방식: 1, Transbond XT (3M Unitek); 2, Prime & Bond NT (Dentsply/Caulk); 3, Single Bond (3M ESPE); B, 자가부식 접착제; 4, Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray); 5, Transbond Plus (3M Unitek); 6, Clearfil S3 (Kuraray); 7, G Bond (GC). 부착물의 전단강도와 접착제 잔류지수를 측정하였으며 결과값은 ANOVA와 independent t-test 및 chi-square 검증을 통해 분석되었다. 맹출 또는 미맹출된 치아의 전단결합강도를 비교하였을 때 Clearfil SE와 G Bond에서 유의한 차이가 관찰되었다. Single Bond를 제외한 모든 접착시스템에서 맹출보다는 미맹출 치아면에서 높은 접착강도가 관찰되었다. 기존 접착제를 사용하는 경우 맹출 또는 미맹출 치아에 대한 접착강도에는 차이가 없을 수 있다. 그러나 임상의사는 사용 전에 self-etching system의 종류를 고려할 필요가 있다.

Evaluation of alveolar bone loss following rapid maxillary expansion using cone-beam computed tomography

Baysal, Asli,Uysal, Tancan,Veli, Ilknur,Ozer, Torun,Karadede, Irfan,Hekimoglu, Seyit The Korean Association Of Orthodontists 2013 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.43 No.2

Objective: To evaluate the changes in cortical bone thickness, alveolar bone height, and the incidence of dehiscence and fenestration in the surrounding alveolar bone of posterior teeth after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: The CBCT records of 20 subjects (9 boys, mean age: $13.97{\pm}1.17$ years; 11 girls, mean age: $13.53{\pm}2.12$ year) that underwent RME were selected from the archives. CBCT scans had been taken before (T1) and after (T2) the RME. Moreover, 10 of the subjects had 6-month retention (T3) records. We used the CBCT data to evaluate the buccal and palatal aspects of the canines, first and second premolars, and the first molars at 3 vertical levels. The cortical bone thickness and alveolar bone height at T1 and T2 were evaluated with the paired-samples t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Repeated measure ANOVA or the Friedman test was used to evaluate the statistical significance at T1, T2, and T3. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The buccal cortical bone thickness decreased gradually from baseline to the end of the retention period. After expansion, the buccal alveolar bone height was reduced significantly; however, this change was not statistically significant after the 6-month retention period. During the course of the treatment, the incidence of dehiscence and fenestration increased and decreased, respectively. Conclusions: RME may have detrimental effects on the supporting alveolar bone, since the thickness and height of the buccal alveolar bone decreased during the retention period.