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The situation and issues of leisure-time physical activity in Japanese elderly
Tokai University,YOSHIOKA Namoi 아시아장애사회학회 2010 아시아장애사회학연구 Vol.10 No.-
The purpose this paper is to present matters associated with leisure activity and leisure-time physical activity among Japanese elderly. We concluded that Japanese elderly is relativ ely active engaging in LTPA and can have positive benefits from regular participation in LTPA. At the same time, there are issues associated with LTPA among elderly in Japan. Besides reaso ns of cessation of LTPA or inactivity thaL former research has addressed, such as lack of interest, health condition, and lack of belief on benefits of LTPA, we suggest that human relations hip and traditional rules in Japanese society are important issues to address for fu t ure development of LTPA among elderly in Japan.
KIM, In-Ok,MITUHASI, Takahisa,JO, Tae-Hyun,PARK, Chang-Doo,TOKAI, Tadashi Springer Japan KK 2005 Fisheries Science Vol.71 No.4
<P>ABSTRACT: </P><P>The effect of various tooth spacing on the contact selection and the net-mouth available selection of a dredge for the equilateral Venus clam <I>Gomphina melanaegis</I> is evaluated by applying a contact-probability model based on the SELECT method to the data of paired-gear tests with a control dredge of 12-mm tooth spacing and four test dredges of tooth spacing 16, 20, 24 and 35 mm. A master selection curve was estimated to be <I> s</I>(<I>R</I>) = exp(−11.23<I>R</I> + 4.799)/(1 + exp[−11.23<I>R</I> + 4.799]) where, <I>R</I> is <I>l</I>/<I>d</I>, the ratio of the shell length, <I>l</I>, to the tooth spacing, <I>d</I>. The shell width of 50% retention was slightly smaller than the tooth spacing, which means that size selectivity of teeth was a type of contact selection which was dependent on the tooth spacing. Contact probability, δ, of the clams coming into contact with the teeth were 0.625, 0.467, 0.563, 0.670 and 0.976 for tooth spacing 12, 16, 20, 24 and 35 mm, respectively. This indicates that some clams entered the dredge bagnet without contacting the teeth as the sand clogging the tooth spacing carried them into the bagnet. Available selection curve of the dredge net-mouth with teeth was obtained as δ<I>s</I>(<I>R</I>) + 1 − <I>δ</I>, and examined in terms of the legal landing size of the Venus clam.</P>