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Ma, Sunihl,Ahn, Jihoon,Oh, Yunjung,Kwon, Hyeok-Chan,Lee, Eunsong,Kim, Kyungmi,Yun, Seong-Cheol,Moon, Jooho American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.17
<P>Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered promising materials for low-cost solar energy harvesting technology. An electron transport layer (ETL), which facilitates the extraction of photogenerated electrons and their transport to the electrodes, is a key component in planar PSCs. In this study, a new strategy to concurrently manipulate the electrical and optical properties of ETLs to improve the performance of PSCs is demonstrated. A careful control over the Ti alkoxide-based sol-gel chemistry leads to a craterlike porous/blocking bilayer TiO<SUB>2</SUB> ETL with relatively uniform surface pores of 220 nm diameter. Additionally, the phase separation promoter added to the precursor solution enables nitrogen doping in the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> lattice, thus generating oxygen vacancies. The craterlike surface morphology allows for better light transmission because of reduced reflection, and the electrically conductive craterlike bilayer ETL enhances charge extraction and transport. Through these synergetic improvements in both optical and electrical properties, the power conversion efficiency of craterlike bilayer TiO<SUB>2</SUB> ETL-based PSCs could be increased from 13.7 to 16.0% as compared to conventional dense TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-based PSCs.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Kim, Kyungmi,Kwon, Hyeok-Chan,Ma, Sunihl,Lee, Eunsong,Yun, Seong-Cheol,Jang, Gyumin,Yang, Hyunha,Moon, Jooho American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.36
<P>Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently attracted tremendous attention because of their excellent efficiency and the advantage of a low-cost fabrication process. As a transparent electrode for PSCs, the application of copper nanowire (CuNW)-network was limited because of its thermal/chemical instability, despite its advantages in terms of high optical/electrical properties and low-cost production. Here, the copper-nickel core-shell nanowire (Cu@Ni NW)-based composite electrode is proposed as a bottom window electrode for PSCs, without the involvement of a high-cost precious metal and vacuum process. The dense and uniform Ni protective shell for CuNWs is attainable by simple electroless plating, and the resulting Cu@Ni NWs exhibit outstanding chemical stability as well as thermal stability compared with bare CuNWs. When the Ni layer with the optimal thickness is introduced, the Cu@Ni NW electrode shows a high transmittance of 80.5% AVT at 400-800 nm, and a sheet resistance of 49.3 ± 5 Ω sq<SUP>-1</SUP>. Using the highly stable Cu@Ni NWs, the composite electrode structure is fabricated with sol-gel-derived Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) over-layer for better charge collection and additional protection against iodine ions from the perovskite. The PSCs fabricated with AZO/Cu@Ni NW-based composite electrode demonstrate a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.2% and excellent long-term stability maintaining 91% of initial PCE after being stored for 500 h at room temperature. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of highly stable Cu@Ni NW-based electrodes as the cost-effective alternative transparent electrode, which can facilitate the commercialization of PSCs.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Kwon, Hyeok-Chan,Yang, Wooseok,Lee, Daehee,Ahn, Jihoon,Lee, Eunsong,Ma, Sunihl,Kim, Kyungmi,Yun, Seong-Cheol,Moon, Jooho American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.5
<P>Organometal halide perovskite materials have become an exciting research topic as manifested by intense development of thin film solar cells. Although high-performance solar-cell-based planar and mesoscopic configurations have been reported, one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructured perovskite solar cells are rarely investigated despite their expected promising optoelectrical properties, such as enhanced charge transport/extraction. Herein, we have analyzed the 1-D nanostructure effects of organometal halide perovskite (CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3-<I>x</I></SUB>Cl<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>) on recombination and charge carrier dynamics by utilizing a nanoporous anodized alumina oxide scaffold to fabricate a vertically aligned 1-D nanopillared array with controllable diameters. It was observed that the 1-D perovskite exhibits faster charge transport/extraction characteristics, lower defect density, and lower bulk resistance than the planar counterpart. As the aspect ratio increases in the 1-D structures, in addition, the charge transport/extraction rate is enhanced and the resistance further decreases. However, when the aspect ratio reaches 6.67 (diameter ∼30 nm), the recombination rate is aggravated due to high interface-to-volume ratio-induced defect generation. To obtain the full benefits of 1-D perovskite nanostructuring, our study provides a design rule to choose the appropriate aspect ratio of 1-D perovskite structures for improved photovoltaic and other optoelectrical applications.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>