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Lee Sung Won,Son Hwancheol,Lee Seung Wook,Cho Kang Su,문두건,Yang Dae Yul,Chung Woo Sik,Suh Jun-Kyu,Park Hyun Jun,Min Kweonsik,Moon Ki Hak,Park Kwangsung,Park Jong Kwan,Hyun Jae Seog,Yang Sang-Kuk 대한남성과학회 2022 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.40 No.2
Purpose: To investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oro-dispersible film (ODF) formulation of mirodenafil 50 mg and 100 mg for the treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) in Korea. Materials and Methods:Materials and Methods: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of 129 subjects was per-formed. Subjects were randomized to either placebo or mirodenafil ODF 50 mg or 100 mg to be taken in an “on demand” manner for 8 weeks. The primary efficacy variable was the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF)-5 questionnaire. The secondary efficacy variables comprised Sexual Encounter Profile questions 2 and 3 (SEP2 and SEP3), the Global Assessment Question (GAQ), and the Life Satisfaction Checklist (LSC). Results:Results: IIEF-5 was significantly increased in all groups after treatment. However, compared to the placebo group, only the mirode-nafil ODF 100 mg group showed a significant difference. SEP2 and SEP3 were increased in both mirodenafil groups; however, the increase was not statistically significant for SEP2. In terms of GAQ and LSC, the mirodenafil ODF groups showed significant increases compared with the baseline. Most treatment-associated adverse events were mild and resolved spontaneously. Conclusions:Conclusions: Mirodenafil ODF is an effective and well-tolerated agent for the treatment of patients with ED in Korea.
Salicylic acid-mediated innate immunity in Arabidopsis is regulated by SIZ1 SUMO E3 ligase
Lee, Jiyoung,Nam, Jaesung,Park, Hyeong Cheol,Na, Gunnam,Miura, Kenji,Jin, Jing Bo,Yoo, Chan Yul,Baek, Dongwon,Kim, Doh Hoon,Jeong, Jae Cheol,Kim, Donggiun,Lee, Sang Yeol,Salt, David E.,Mengiste, Tesfa Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 The Plant journal Vol.49 No.1
<P>Summary</P><P>Reversible modifications of target proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins are involved in many cellular processes in yeast and animals. Yet little is known about the function of sumoylation in plants. Here, we show that the <I>SIZ1</I> gene, which encodes an Arabidopsis SUMO E3 ligase, regulates innate immunity. Mutant <I>siz1</I> plants exhibit constitutive systemic-acquired resistance (SAR) characterized by elevated accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), increased expression of pathogenesis-related (<I>PR</I>) genes, and increased resistance to the bacterial pathogen <I>Pseudomonas syringae</I> pv. <I>tomato</I> (<I>Pst</I>) DC3000. Transfer of the <I>NahG</I> gene to <I>siz1</I> plants results in reversal of these phenotypes back to wild-type. Analyses of the double mutants, <I>npr1 siz1</I>, <I>pad4 siz1</I> and <I>ndr1 siz1</I> revealed that <I>SIZ1</I> controls SA signalling. <I>SIZ1</I> interacts epistatically with <I>PAD4</I> to regulate PR expression and disease resistance. Consistent with these observations, <I>siz1</I> plants exhibited enhanced resistance to <I>Pst</I> DC3000 expressing <I>avrRps4</I>, a bacterial avirulence determinant that responds to the <I>EDS1/PAD4</I>-dependent TIR-NBS-type <I>R</I> gene. In contrast, <I>siz1</I> plants were not resistant to <I>Pst</I> DC3000 expressing <I>avrRpm1</I>, a bacterial avirulence determinant that responds to the NDR1-dependent CC-NBS-type <I>R</I> gene. Jasmonic acid (JA)-induced <I>PDF1.2</I> expression and susceptibility to <I>Botrytis cinerea</I> were unaltered in <I>siz1</I> plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SIZ1 is required for SA and PAD4-mediated <I>R</I> gene signalling, which in turn confers innate immunity in Arabidopsis.</P>
Ride Comfort Analysis of a Vehicle Based on Continuous Wavelet Transform
Lee, Sang-Kwon,Son, Choong-Yul The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2001 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.15 No.5
This paper presents the ride comfort analysis of a vehicle based on wavelet transform. Traditionally, the objective evaluation of impact harshness is based on the vibration dose value (VDV) and frequency weighting method. These methods do not consider the damping effect of the suspension system of a vehicle. In this paper, the damping is estimated using wavelet transform based on Morlet mother wavelet and its effect is considered for the subjective evaluation of impact harshness of a car.
Lee, Woo-Yul,Cho, Jin-Yong,Yang, Sung-Won The Korean Dental Association 2016 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.54 No.12
Purpose : Aim of this study is to describe and compare clinical results and complications epending on the surgical approaches for the mandibular subcondyle fracture Materials and methods : The patients who had been diagnosed as the mandibular subcondyle fracture and underwent open reduction and internal fixation from May 2009 to December 2014 were included. They were divided into two groups depending on the surgical approaches; endoscopically assisted transoral approach and retromandibular approach. Association between the preoperative fracture classification and post-operative results was reviewed depending on the surgical approaches. Results : The number of patients selected in this study was 33. Eighteen patients (male 7, female 11) underwent open reduction and internal fixation via retromandibular approach and fifteen patients (male 12, female 3) underwent open reduction and internal fixation via endoscopically assisted transoral approach. The mean age, follow up period, and operation time were $44.29{\pm}15.19years$, $9.97{\pm}7.82months$, and $161{\pm}89.44minutes$. Post-operative results were all "good" state in the retromandibular approach group regardless of the fracture classification but two patients in the endoscopically assisted transoral approach group underwent re-operation due to "poor" results. The fracture types of two were classified as displacement and lateral override at the same time. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups. Three patients in the retromandibular approach group had experienced facial nerve palsy (17%) temporarily. No one showed malocclusion in this study. There was no significant difference on the complications such as temporomandibular disorder, local infection, and condyle resorption depending on the surgical approaches. Conclusion : In this study, there was no significant difference on the complications between the two groups but retromandibular approach has advantage over endoscopically assisted transoral approach in case of the severely displaced subcondyle fracture.
A Study on the Characteristics of Soot Formation and Oxidation in Free Fuel Droplet Array
Lee, Myung-Jun,Kim, Jong-Youl,Yeom, Jeong-Kuk,Ha, Jong-Yul,Chung, Sung-Sik The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2002 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.16 No.6
In this study, it was attempted to obtain the fundamental data for the formation and oxidation of soot from a diesel engine. Combustion of spray injected into a cylinder is complex phenomenon having physical and chemical processes, and these processes affect each other. There are many factors in the mechanism of the formation and oxidization of soot and it is necessary to observe spray combustion microscopically. In order to observe with that view, free fuel droplet array was used as an experimental object and the droplet array was injected into an atmospheric combustion chamber with high temperature. Ambient temperature of the combustion chamber, interdroplet spacing, and droplet diameter were selected as parameters, which affect the formation and oxidation of soot. In this study, it was found that the parameters also affect ignition delay of droplet. The ambient temperature especially affected the ignition delay of droplet as well as the flame temperature after self-ignition. As the interdroplet spacing that means the local equivalence ratio in a combustion chamber was narrow, formation of soot was increased. As diameter of droplet was large, surface area of the droplet was also broad, and hence evaporation of the droplet was more active than that of a droplet with relative small diameter.
Prognostic Factors of Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Spontaneous Thalamic Hemorrhage
Lee, Sang-Hoon,Park, Kyung-Jae,Kang, Shin-Hyuk,Jung, Yong-Gu,Park, Jung-Yul,Park, Dong-Hyuk International Scientific Literature, Inc. 2015 Medical science monitor Vol.21 No.-
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a well-known condition, but ICH restricted to the thalamus is less widely studied. We investigated the prognostic factors of thalamic ICHs.</P><P><B>Material/Methods</B></P><P>Seventy patients from January 2009 to November 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who demonstrated spontaneous ICH primarily affecting the thalamus on initial brain computed tomography (CT) were enrolled. Patients were categorized into 2 groups based on their Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores. Various presumptive prognostic factors were analyzed to investigate relationships between various clinical characteristics and outcomes.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Of the enrolled patients, 39 showed a GOS of 4–5, and were categorized as the good outcome group, while another 31 patients showed a GOS of 1–3 and were categorized as the poor outcome group. Initial GCS score, calculated volume of hematoma, presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), coexisting complications, hydrocephalus, performance of external ventricular drainage, and modified Graeb’s scores of patients with IVH were significantly different between the 2 groups. In multivariate analysis, among the factors above, initial GCS score (P=0.002, Odds ratio [OR]=1.761, Confidence interval [CI]=1.223–2.536) and the existence of systemic complications (P=0.015, OR=0.059, CI=0.006–0.573) were independently associated with clinical outcomes. Calculated hematoma volume showed a borderline relationship with outcomes (P=0.079, OR=0.920, CI=0.839–1.010).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Initial GCS score and the existence of systemic complications were strong predictive factors for prognosis of thalamic ICH. Calculated hematoma volume also had predictive value for clinical outcomes.</P>
Lee, Yu Young,Park, Hyang Mi,Hwang, Tae Young,Kim, Sun Lim,Kim, Mi Jung,Lee, Seuk Ki,Seo, Min Jung,Kim, Kee Jong,Kwon, Young‐,Up,Lee, Sang Chul,Kim, Yul Ho John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2015 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol.95 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND</B></P><P>Tocopherols are crucial lipid‐soluble antioxidants and essential nutrients. There is increasing interest in the biofortification of crops with vitamin E for reducing micronutrient malnutrition. However, relatively little is known about the development of soybean cultivars with high levels of tocopherol through combined breeding.</P><P><B>RESULT</B></P><P>Tocopherol contents of seeds and germinating seeds of 28 Korean soybean cultivars were analyzed and evaluated for health‐promoting activities. Total tocopherol concentrations ranged from 203.9 to 503.1 µg g<SUP>−1</SUP> in seeds and from 20.1 to 230.1 µg g<SUP>−1</SUP> in germinating seeds. The traditional landraces of HaNagari (HN, 503.1 µg g<SUP>−1</SUP>), Orialtae (OL, 486.6 µg g<SUP>−1</SUP>), SuMoktae (SM, 476.5 µg g<SUP>−1</SUP>) and SoRitae (SR, 475.5 µg g<SUP>−1</SUP>) showed high levels of tocopherol content. The contents of the four isomers of tocopherol in seeds and germinating seeds were correlated with lipid peroxidation. The γ‐ and δ‐tocopherol contents in seeds were related to 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity (0.434; <I>P</I> < 0.01 and 0.373; <I>P</I> < 0.05).</P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P>Total tocopherol content was higher in soybean landraces as compared with modern cultivars developed by cross‐breeding. These results suggest that soybean breeding is necessary to increase tocopherol levels. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry</P>
Lee, Dong Woon,Smitley, David R.,Lee, Sang Myeong,Kaya, Harry K.,Park, Chung Gyoo,Choo, Ho Yul 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.2
The robber fly, Promachus yesonicus, a predator of scarab adults and larvae was observed on golf clubs in Korea to determine its seasonal activity, daily activity, and relationship to scarab adult activity. P. yesonicus adult density varied more than 10-fold among the four golf clubs where it was observed, with the most activity being at golf clubs with the most scarab adults in June and July. At Yongwon Golf Club P. yesonicus activity closely tracked Popillia quadriguttata activity and both peaked in late June and early July. The ratio of scarab adults (mostly P. quadriguttata):P. yesonicus adults was 8:1. On average mean of 7.5% of all P. yesonicus adults observed in visual surveys were holding captured prey. 50% of all captured prey was a scarab turf pest, P. quadriguttata. At Yongwon Golf Club, regression analysis indicates that P. quadriguttata activity explains 75% of the variation in activity of P. yesonicus. The potential impact of P. yesonicus on populations of P. quadriguttata and other scarab turf pests is discussed.