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봉정표,정윤규,이훈범,김주봉,이재화,나동균,김석원 大韓成形外科學會 1997 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.24 No.6
Hypopharyngo-esophageal cancer is usually found at late stage. Its main treatment is surgical intervention and it often requires radical resection. Reconstruction of the hypopharyngo-esophageal defect after the resection of carcinomas of the hypopharynx and the cervical esophagus has traditionally been carried out with deltopectoral or musculocutaneous flap. Another approach is to reconstruct the defect with the colon or stomach. Recent advances in microvascular surgical techniques have resulted in one stage reconstruction with free flap. Both jejunal free flap and radial forearm free flap is a good alternative for the reconstruction of hypopharyngo-esophageal defect. Six cases of the radial forearm flap and nine cases of the jejunal flap were used to reconstructed the hypopharyngo-esophageal defect in 15 patients. In jejunal free flap, upper margin was reconstructed with end to side anastomosis and lower margin with end to end anastomosis. In radial forearm free flap, we used trapezoid shaped flap and tubed by complete or partial tubing according to the condition of the defects. Stricture and fistula are troublesome complications. The complications were peritonitis(n=1) and fistula(n=1). We concluded that both forearm and jejunal free flap is a useful alternative in reconstruction of hypopharynx and cervical esophagus.
Effects of Integrated Soil Amelioration Techniques to Mature Newly Established Research Fields
Jung, Sug-Jae,Hyun, Byung-Keun,Sonn, Yeon-Kyu,Cho, Hyun-Jun,Choi, Jung-Won,Lee, Pyeong-Ho,Lim, Dong-Hyuk 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.2
The Rural Development Administration moved to Jeonju for the balanced development of the land. This situation required establishment of new research fields with soils appropriate to cultivation. We applied a variety of amelioration techniques to mature soils of new research fields of the National Institute of Agricultural Science (NAS) and evaluated effects of the integrated amelioration techniques. The schedule of amelioration was following: 1) location of research fields was determined, 2) surface and subsoil samples were collected separately, 3) after aligning the top level of research fields, subsoil and surface soil were re-established with soil amendment, 4) the green manure crops were grown four seasons to improve the uniformity and increase the organic content of the research field, and 5) drainage canal and/or underdrainage were applied to poorly drained fields. The last green manure crop was rape in RDA fields and green barley in NAS fields. The average height, fresh weight, and dry matter weight of rape in good condition were 123 cm, $3,938kg\;10a^{-1}$, and $651kg\;10a^{-1}$, respectively. The height, fresh weight, and dry matter of green barley, on average, were 97 cm, $3,013kg\;10a^{-1}$, and $1,004kg\;10a^{-1}$, respectively. In the chemical properties of paddy field, pH and levels of silicate, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were in appropriate range but organic matter content of $16g\;kg^{-1}$ was less than the optimum level. In the chemical properties of upland field, pH and levels of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were appropriate range but organic matter content of $12g\;kg^{-1}$ was less than the optimum range. Evaluation of well-adapted soil was performed. The field in RDA was classified into the superior class with points ranging from 90 to 95 by the field evaluation test. The fields in NAS were mainly evaluated as the superior class with points greater than 85. However, some fields in NAS remained low quality with scores between 80 and 83. Further soil amelioration practices were suggested to fields with low soil quality.
Effects of Integrated Soil Amelioration Techniques to Mature Newly Established Research Fields
Sug-Jae Jung,Byung-Keun Hyun,Yeon-Kyu Sonn,Hyun-Jun Cho,Jung-Won Choi,Pyeong-Ho Lee,Dong-Hyuk Lim 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.2
The Rural Development Administration moved to Jeonju for the balanced development of the land. This situation required establishment of new research fields with soils appropriate to cultivation. We applied a variety of amelioration techniques to mature soils of new research fields of the National Institute of Agricultural Science (NAS) and evaluated effects of the integrated amelioration techniques. The schedule of amelioration was following: 1) location of research fields was determined, 2) surface and subsoil samples were collected separately, 3) after aligning the top level of research fields, subsoil and surface soil were re-established with soil amendment, 4) the green manure crops were grown four seasons to improve the uniformity and increase the organic content of the research field, and 5) drainage canal and/or underdrainage were applied to poorly drained fields. The last green manure crop was rape in RDA fields and green barley in NAS fields. The average height, fresh weight, and dry matter weight of rape in good condition were 123 ㎝, 3,938 kg 10a<SUP>-1</SUP>, and 651 ㎏ 10a<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The height, fresh weight, and dry matter of green barley, on average, were 97 ㎝, 3,013 ㎏ 10a<SUP>-1</SUP>, and 1,004 ㎏ 10a<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. In the chemical properties of paddy field, pH and levels of silicate, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were in appropriate range but organic matter content of 16 g ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP> was less than the optimum level. In the chemical properties of upland field, pH and levels of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were appropriate range but organic matter content of 12 g ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP> was less than the optimum range. Evaluation of well-adapted soil was performed. The field in RDA was classified into the superior class with points ranging from 90 to 95 by the field evaluation test. The fields in NAS were mainly evaluated as the superior class with points greater than 85. However, some fields in NAS remained low quality with scores between 80 and 83. Further soil amelioration practices were suggested to fields with low soil quality.
Somatic Mutations of the ENPP2 (Autotaxin/lysoPLD) Gene in Breast Cancer
Song, Jae-Hwi,Kim, Jeong-Kyu,Noh, Ji-Heon,Jung, Kwang-Hwa,Eun, Jung-Woo,Kim, Chang-Jae,Bae, Hyun-Jin,Xie, Hong-Jian,Ahn, Young-Min,Lee, Sug-Hyung,Yoo, Nam-Jin,Lee, Jung-Young,Park, Won-Sang,Nam, Suk-W The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2007 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.3 No.4
ENPP2, a 125 kDa secreted lysophopholipase D which originally identified as a tumor-motogen, Autotaxin, enhances cellular locomotion, cell proliferation, angiogenesis and cell survival by generating the signal molecule lysophosphatic acid or sphingosine-1-phosphate. Previous studies have suggested that expression of Autotaxin is associated with invasive phenotype in advanced breast carcinomas. Thus, to determine whether genetic alterations of ENPP2 gene are involved in the development or progression of breast cancer, we analyzed its somatic mutation in 85 breast carcinomas by single-stranded conformational polymorphism and sequencing. Overall, six ENPP2 mutations were found (7.0%), comprising five missense and one nonsense mutation (s). To our knowledge, this is the first report on ENPP2 mutation in breast carcinoma, and the data indicate that ENPP2 is occasionally mutated in breast carcinomas, and suggest that ENPP2 mutation may contribute to the tumor development in some breast carcinomas.