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Importance-Satisfaction Analysis for Tourism Attributes in Malaysia by Visitors` Country of Origin
( Siti Aznor Ahmad ),( Kalsom Kayat ),( Shaharuddin Tahir ) 한국문화관광학회 2009 문화관광연구 Vol.11 No.2
Millions of dollars are spent each year in marketing Malaysia by various tourism bodies. Rigorous marketing may assist in bringing tourists to a destination, but a good experience can be a more effective way of "marketing" a destination through words-of-mouth or words- of-mouse. Therefore, it is important for the tourism authority to understand the importance of tourism attributes of a destination to ensure good experiences and satisfaction of the tourists. This paper presents findings from an exploratory study undertaken by the authors which focuses on the levels of tourists` expectation and satisfaction of twelve tourism attributes in Malaysia. The analysis are divided into markets by 7 regions; South East Asia, East and South Asia, Middle East, Oceania, Europe, Americas and Africa. Implications from the findings are also discussed.
IMPORTANCE-SATISFACTION ANALYSIS FOR TOURISM ATTRIBUTES IN MALAYSIA BY VISITORS' COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
Siti Aznor Ahmad,Kalsom Kayat,Shaharuddin Tahir 세계문화관광학회 2009 Conference Proceedings Vol.10 No.0
Millions of dollars are spent each year in marketing Malaysia by various tourism bodies. Rigorous marketing may assist in bringing tourists to a destination, but a good experience can be a more effective way of "marketing" a destination through words-of-mouth or words-of-mouse. Therefore, it is important for the tourism authority to understand the importance of tourism attributes of a destination to ensure good experiences and satisfaction of the tourists. This paper presents findings from an exploratory study undertaken by the authors which focuses on the levels of tourists' expectation and satisfaction of twelve tourism attributes in Malaysia. The analysis are divided into markets by 7 regions; South East Asia, East and South Asia, Middle East, Oceania, Europe, Americas and Africa. Implications from the findings are also discussed.
Stock Price Index and Exchange Rate Nexus in African Markets
Jimoh Olajide Raji,Yusnidah Ibrahim,Siti-Aznor Ahmad 한국국제경제학회 2017 International Economic Journal Vol.31 No.1
This paper examines the relationship between stock price index and exchange rate in six African markets using monthly data for the period January 2007 to October 2015. A quantile regression approach is used. This methodology is shown to perform better than the ordinary least squares estimators, particularly when the conditional distribution is heterogeneous. Our empirical evidence reveals an interesting pattern in the association of these two financial markets in Africa, which shows that the negative relationship between stock and foreign exchange markets is more apparent when exchange rates are extremely low or high. The negative relationship between the two variables is in line with the portfolio balance effect.