An Empirical Study on the Impact of the Corporate Social Responsibility of the Indian Corporate Sectors

Santanu Kumar Das(Santanu Kumar Das ),Manas Pandey(Manas Pandey ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2022 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.37 No.4

India, has traditionally been involved in various corporate socially responsible (CSR) activities. This paper presents an empirical analysis of CSR activities of some selected public and private organization in India. The key objective of this analysis is to review the companies' CSR investment in sustainability, disclosure, governance, and CSR stakeholders. The Hypotheses development explains the positive significant relationship between CSR and firm performance. Then the methodology section explains sample selection and data source. Using these data, the CSR practices in selected public and private companies are evaluated based on the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines, and a comparative study of the impact of CSR practices on companies' profitability is conducted. The study also focuses on how CSR influences these companies' gross margins, as well as the correlation between environmental concerns and return on investment. The result of this study are appropriate for India's present scenario demonstrating that all companies are conducting CSR operations, but there is a substantial difference in the CSR disclosure practices of the selected firms. The private companies in India invests more in CSR but spend less on the environmental aspects whereas the public companies invest less in CSR but almost spend their entire CSR expenditure on the social and environmental aspects.

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer among Women in Eastern India: A Tertiary Hospital Based Case Control Study

Das, Soumen,Sen, Santanu,Mukherjee, Anindya,Chakraborty, Debadatta,Mondal, Pankaj Kumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.10

Aim: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers of women in India with high fatality rate. Over a 1 year study period 105 consecutive biopsy or fine needle aspiration cytology confirmed breast cancer patients were interviewed by direct questionnaire method regarding risk factors attending Surgery and Radiotherapy OPD of Medical College Kolkata, West Bengal while taking other 105 patients attending Surgery Department for some other disease as controls. The data were compiled in MS Excel 2007 and analyzed by Epi info 3.5.1 software. Among the cases, rural residence, illiteracy and low socio-economic status was significantly higher than controls. Late onset of menarche, late onset of menopause, ever OCP usage, breast feeding for 1-2 years and age of 1st childbirth between 20-30 years were found to be significant protective factors. People should be made aware regarding the modifiable risk factors to prevent breast cancer.

Promoter Methylation of MGMT Gene in Serum of Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in North East India

Das, Mandakini,Sharma, Santanu Kumar,Sekhon, Gaganpreet Singh,Saikia, Bhaskar Jyoti,Mahanta, Jagadish,Phukan, Rup Kumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Background: Promoter hypermethylation is a common event in human cancer. O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a gene involved in DNA repair, which is methylated in a variety of cancers. We aimed to explore the methylation status of MGMT gene among the North Eastern population where esophageal cancer incidence and exposure to carcinogens like nitrosamines is high. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 newly diagnosed esophageal cancer cases along with equal number of age, sex and ethnicity matched controls were included in this study. Methylation specific PCR was used to determine the MGMT methylation status in serum samples. Results: Aberrant promoter methylation of the MGMT gene was detected in 70% of esophageal cancer cases. Hypermethylation of MGMT gene was found to be influenced by environmental factors like betel quid and tobacco which contain potent carcinogens like nitrosamines. Tobacco chewing and tobacco smoking habit synergistically with MGMT methylation elevated the risk for esophageal cancer development [adjusted OR=5.02, 95% CI=1.35-18.74; p=0.010 for tobacco chewing and Adjusted OR=3.00, 95% CI=1.22-7.36; p=0.014 for tobacco smoking]. Conclusions: Results suggest that the DNA hypermethylation of MGMT is an important mechanism for MGMT gene silencing resulting in esophageal cancer development and is influenced by the environmental factors. Thus MGMT hypermethylation can be used as a biomarker for esophageal cancer in high incidence region of North East India.

Anticorrosion Performance of FCAW Cladding with Regard to the Influence of Heat Input

Manas Kumar Saha,Ajit Mondal,Ritesh Hazra,Santanu Das 대한용접·접합학회 2018 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.36 No.5

Heat input plays a significant role in flux cored arc welding (FCAW) for producing quality welding. Weld cladding improves corrosion resistance and other mechanical properties. Selection of appropriate heat input is required to get optimum quality of the cladding. In this experiment, FCAW cladding of duplex stainless steel is done on low alloy steel under CO₂ gas shield. Three sets of heat input are chosen for experimentation in which each level of heat input comprised of three sets of current and voltage in such a way that the heat input level remained nearly constant. The output parameters like corrosion rate is measured and microstructures are evaluated. The relationship between heat input and corrosion rate is evaluated by means of polynomial regression analysis and the results matched with proposed model with small variations. The results showed that corrosion rate increases with increase in heat input within the experimental domain. Minimum corrosion rate is obtained in the present investigation at 0.49 kJ/mm heat input with 170A weld current, 27V weld voltage and 7.5 mm/s weld torch travel speed. For a particular heat input, corrosion rate is found to vary with different weld current. Microstructure of duplex stainless steel cladding shows presence of austenite phase, and ferrite phase. For an increase in heat input, the microstructure of clad part sacrifices more amount of ferrite phase that exhibits more amount of corrosion.

Estimation of Hardness of Indentation Made with a Conical Indenter Using Numerical Slip-Line Field Technique

Biswas, Arup Kumar,Das, Santanu,Das, Sanjoy The Society for Aerospace System Engineering 2020 International Journal of Aerospace System Engineer Vol.7 No.2

When a rigid wedge is indented in to a semi-infinite block, the material is bulged up around the wedge that is generally called lip. The previous works in this filed considered the outer profile of the lip to be linear. But, present authors observed both experimentally and with the aid of finite element analysis that the profile of the lip is not always linear, and it depends on the angle of the wedge and friction parameters. So, in this work, attempts have been made to calculate hardness of indentation for different wedge angles and friction parameters. As hardness is intrinsic property of material, consideration of either linear or parabolic lip will not be affected much. A comparative study of hardness for linear and parabolic free surface profiles of the piled up material around the cone is analyzed in this work.

Association of a p53 Codon 72 Gene Polymorphism with Environmental Factors and Risk of Lung Cancer: a Case Control Study in Mizoram and Manipur, a High Incidence Region in North East India

Saikia, Bhaskar Jyoti,Das, Mandakini,Sharma, Santanu Kumar,Sekhon, Gaganpreet Singh,Zomawia, Eric,Singh, Yanglem Mohen,Mahanta, Jagadish,Phukan, Rup Kumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.24

Background: A very high incidence of lung cancer is observed in Mizoram and Manipur, North East India. We conducted a population based case control study to establish associations of p53 codon 72 polymorphisms and interactions with environmental factors for this high incidence. Material and Methods: A total of 272 lung cancer cases and 544 controls matched for age (${\pm}5years$), sex and ethnicity were collected and p53 codon 72 polymorphism genotypes were analyzed using a polymerase chain based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. We used conditional multiple logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals after adjusting for confounding factors. Results: p53 Pro/Pro genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer in the study population (adjusted OR=2.14, CI=1.35-3.38, p=0.001). Interactions of the p53 Pro/Pro genotype with exposure to wood smoke (adjusted OR=3.60, CI=1.85-6.98, p<0.001) and cooking oil fumes (adjusted OR=3.27, CI=1.55-6.87, p=0.002), betel quid chewing (adjusted OR=3.85, CI=1.96-7.55, p<0.001), tobacco smoking (adjusted OR=4.42, CI=2.27-8.63, p<0.001) and alcohol consumption (adjusted OR=3.31, CI=1.10-10.03, p=0.034) were significant regarding the increased risk of lung cancer in the study population. Conclusions: The present study provided preliminary evidence that a p53 codon 72 polymorphism may effect lung cancer risk in the study population, interacting synergistically with environmental factors.