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Rhyee, Jong-Soo,Lee, Kyu Hyoung,Lee, Sang Mock,Cho, Eunseog,Kim, Sang Il,Lee, Eunsung,Kwon, Yong Seung,Shim, Ji Hoon,Kotliar, Gabriel Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved 2009 Nature Vol.459 No.7249
Thermoelectric energy harvesting—the transformation of waste heat into useful electricity—is of great interest for energy sustainability. The main obstacle is the low thermoelectric efficiency of materials for converting heat to electricity, quantified by the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT. The best available n-type materials for use in mid-temperature (500–900 K) thermoelectric generators have a relatively low ZT of 1 or less, and so there is much interest in finding avenues for increasing this figure of merit. Here we report a binary crystalline n-type material, In<SUB>4</SUB>Se<SUB>3-δ</SUB>, which achieves the ZT value of 1.48 at 705 K—very high for a bulk material. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that this material supports a charge density wave instability which is responsible for the large anisotropy observed in the electric and thermal transport. The high ZT value is the result of the high Seebeck coefficient and the low thermal conductivity in the plane of the charge density wave. Our results suggest a new direction in the search for high-performance thermoelectric materials, exploiting intrinsic nanostructural bulk properties induced by charge density waves.
단일 및 분할 방사선조사에 의한 백서절치의 급성반응에 관한 연구
이인석,박태원,안형규 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1989 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.19 No.1
Six to eight-month-old female albino rats were used as experimental animals. As an irradiation equipment, a Co-60 was used. The experimental animals were divided to; 6 of the control group, 12 of the 500cGy single irradiation group, 12 of the 1000cGy fractionated irradiation group, and 12 of the 1500cGy fractionated irradiation group. From the first week to the forth, 3 rats were picked from each group every week to be sacrificed and fixed with formalin. Those rats were observed by means of H-E stain after being taken radiograph and decalcified. The analysis of radiographic findings and light microscopic findings gives results as follows: 1. The delay of dental eruption rate was found in every group which underwent the irradiation experiment. Dentin niche, osteodentin, and dentin island were formed in the parts which were damaged by the irradiation. 2. The longer the observation period was, the more deposit of osteodentin and dentin island was formed. 3. In the single irradiation group, the damage effect was in proportion to the increase of radiation dose. whereas the damage was much less in the fractionated group receiving the same dose. 4. The 500cGy single irradiation group got temporary repairable damage, while the 1000cGy single irradiation group got considerable damage and showed much slower eruption rate than the 500cGy single irradiation group. The basal portion of the 1500cGy single irradiation group, whose growth was arrested, was destroyed. 5. The fractionated group were irradiated 500cGy everyweek. Repair was visible during the interval periods. The damage was accumulated as irradiation repeated, but degree of damage was lower than that of the 1000cGy and 1500cGy single irradiation group.
Colors of graphene and graphene-oxide multilayers on various substrates
Jung, Inhwa,Rhyee, Jong-Soo,Son, Jong Yeog,Ruoff, Rodney S,Rhee, Kyong-Yop IOP Pub 2012 Nanotechnology Vol.23 No.2
<P>We investigated the colors of graphene and graphene-oxide multilayers that were deposited on various dielectric layers. In particular, the effects of the material thickness, the types of dielectric layers, and the existence of a back silicon substrate were analyzed. The colors of graphene-oxide layers on a SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si substrate were found to periodically change as the material thickness increased. However, the colors of graphene layers on the same substrate became saturated without a similar periodic change. The calculated colors corresponding to the material thicknesses were verified by optical microscopy and profilometry. We believe that these results demonstrate the possibility of utilizing color as a simple tool for detecting and estimating the thicknesses of graphene and graphene-oxide multilayers.</P>
중심위에서 중심교합으로 전위될 때의 과두의 변위에 관한 방사선학적 연구
안형규,이인석 大韓顎顔面 放射線學會 1982 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.12 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal range of condylar displacement of normal adults. The author has observed two roentgenographic images of condylar head taken by transcranial projection. Two roentgenographic images are centric occlusion and centric relation. The results were obtained as follow: 1. Total subjects are 72 condyles. The condylar displacement from centric relation to centric occlusion was shown in 65 condyles (90%) anteriorly, 59 condyles (82%) inferiorly. Two condyles (3%) showed neither anterior displacement nor inferior displacement. 2. The average displacement of right condyles was 0.54 ±0.06 ㎜ anteriorly, 0.34 ±0.05 ㎜ inferiorly. The average displacement of left condyles was 0.74 ±0.09 ㎜ anteriorly, 0.45 ±0.05 ㎜ inferiorly. 3. The subjects of synmetrical displacement are 7 cases (20%) anteriorly, 2 cases (6%) inferiorly.
Lee, M.H.,Rhyee, J.S.,Kim, S.,Choa, Y.H. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.657 No.-
We investigated the particle size-dependent thermoelectric properties of conventional p-type Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Sb<SUB>1.5</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB> compounds (L-large, M-medium, S-small sizes) and M-Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Sb<SUB>1.5</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB>/Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Te composites with commercial (C), nano-wire (NW), and nano-powder (NP) type Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Te nano materials. The sintered ingot with the medium size particles M-Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Sb<SUB>1.5</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB> shows a high power factor of S<SUP>2</SUP>σ, due to its high electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, with a maximum ZT (0.9 at 300 K). The S-Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Sb<SUB>1.5</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB>, synthesized by the wet-chemical method, exhibits the lowest thermal conductivity by grain boundary phonon scattering. The composites of M-Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Sb<SUB>1.5</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB>/Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Te show significantly enhanced electrical conductivities, as well as a decrease of lattice thermal conductivities, resulting in the enhancement of ZT (1.1 at 575 K) for a NP-Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Te dispersed M-Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Sb<SUB>1.5</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB>/NP-Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Te composite. Here, we propose that the Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Sb<SUB>1.5</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB>/Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Te composite can be employed as a material for waste heat power generation.