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Some properties of the convergence of sequences of fuzzy points in a fuzzy normed linear space
Rhie, Gil-Seob,Do, Young-Uk Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 2007 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.17 No.1
With a new ordinary norm as an analogy of Krishna and Sarma[5] and Bag and Samanta[1], we will characterize the notions of the convergence of the sequences of fuzzy points, the fuzzy, ${\alpha}$-Cauchy sequence and fuzzy completeness.
Rhie, G.S.,Hwang, I.A. 충청수학회 2000 충청수학회지 Vol.13 No.1
The main goal of this paper is to prove the following theorem ; Let (X, ${\rho}_1$) be a fuzzy normed linear space over K and (Y, ${\rho}_2$) be a fuzzy Banach space over K. If ${\chi}_{B_{{\parallel}{\cdot}{\parallel}}}{\supseteq}{\rho}*$, then (CF(X,Y), ${\rho}*$) is a fuzzy Banach space, where ${\rho}*(f)={\vee}{\lbrace}{\theta}{\wedge}\frac{1}{t({\theta},f)}\;{\mid}\;{\theta}{\in}(0,1){\rbrace}$, $f{\in}CF(X,Y)$, $B_{{\parallel}{\cdot}{\parallel}}$ is the closed unit ball on (CF(X, Y), ${\parallel}{\cdot}{\parallel}$ and ${\parallel}f{\parallel}={\vee}{\lbrace}P^2_{{\alpha}^-}(f(x))\;{\mid}\;P^1_{{\alpha}^-}(x)=1,\;x{\in}X{\rbrace}$, $f{\in}CF(X,Y)$, ${\alpha}{\in}(0,1)$.
On The Completeness of $ F(X, Y)
Rhie, Gil-Seob,Sung, Yeoul-Ouk Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 1994 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.4 No.2
Let X, Y be normed linear spaces, and let p$_{1}$, p.sub 2/ be lower semi-continuous fuzzy norms on X, Y respectively, and have the bounded supports on X, Y respectively. In this paper, we prove that if Y is conplete, the set of all fuzzy continuous linear maps from X into Y is a fuzzy complete fuzzy normed linear space.
Rhie, Duck-Joo,Kang, Ho-Young,Ryu, Gyeong-Ryul,Kim, Myung-Jun,Yoon, Shin-Hee,Hahn, Sang-June,Min, Do-Sik,Jo, Yang-Hyeok,Kim, Myung-Suk The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2003 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.7 No.6
Interneuron diversity is one of the key factors to hinder understanding the mechanism of cortical neural network functions even with their important roles. We characterized inhibitory interneurons in layer II/III of the rat primary visual cortex, using patch-clamp recording and confocal reconstruction, and classified inhibitory interneurons into fast spiking (FS), late spiking (LS), burst spiking (BS), and regular spiking non-pyramidal (RSNP) neurons according to their electrophysiological characteristics. Global parameters to identify inhibitory interneurons were resting membrane potential (>-70 mV) and action potential (AP) width (<0.9 msec at half amplitude). FS could be differentiated from LS, based on smaller amplitude of the AP (<∼50 mV) and shorter peak-to-trough time (P-T time) of the afterhyperpolarization (<4 msec). In addition to the shorter AP width, RSNP had the higher input resistance (>200 $M{Omega}$) and the shorter P-T time (<20 msec) than those of regular spiking pyramidal neurons. Confocal reconstruction of recorded cells revealed characteristic morphology of each subtype of inhibitory interneurons. Thus, our results provide at least four subtypes of inhibitory interneurons in layer II/III of the rat primary visual cortex and a classification scheme of inhibitory interneurons.
Factors associated with mumps meningitis and the possible impact of vaccination
Rhie, Kyuyol,Park, Heung-Keun,Kim, Young-Soo,Yeom, Jung Sook,Park, Ji Sook,Seo, Ji-Hyun,Park, Eun Sil,Lim, Jae-Young,Park, Chan-Hoo,Woo, Hyang-Ok,Youn, Hee-Shang The Korean Pediatric Society 2016 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.59 No.1
Purpose: Mumps meningitis is a common complication of mumps infection; however, information on mumps meningitis in the postvaccine era is limited. The purpose of the present study was to determine factors associated with mumps meningitis and to discuss the effect of vaccination on this disease. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients younger than 19 years with mumps, diagnosed at a university hospital in Korea between 2003 and 2013. Patients were divided into groups with and without meningitis, and the clinical features of the 2 groups were compared. Results: The study enrolled 119 patients: 19 patients with meningitis and 100 patients without. Univariate analysis showed that older age (median: 15 years vs. 9.5 years, respectively), a longer interval from last vaccination (median: 10.2 years vs. 4.8 years, respectively), and febrile presentation (94.7% vs. 31.0%, respectively) were significantly associated with mumps meningitis. Sex, number of vaccination doses, bilateral parotitis, and the presence of complications other than meningitis did not differ between the 2 groups. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.89; P=0.04) and fever (odds ratio, 30.46; 95% confidence interval, 3.27-283.61; P<0.01) remained independent factors for mumps meningitis. Conclusion: Clinicians in the postvaccine era should be aware of the possibility of mumps meningitis in febrile cases of mumps in adolescents, regardless of the number of vaccination doses. To establish the role of vaccination in mumps meningitis, further studies will be necessary.
Effects of Two-Step Annealing Process on the Pulsed Laser Ablated Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films
Rhie, Dong-Hee The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2003 KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics Vol.3C No.2
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films were fabricated by the pulsed laser ablation deposition (PLAD) method onto Pt/Ti/SiO$_2$/Si substrates. Crystalline phases as well as preferred orientations in PZT films were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The well-crystallized perovskite phase and the (101) preferred orientation were obtained by two-step annealing at the conditions of $650^{\circ}C$, 1 hour. It was found that the temperature for the pulsed laser ablated PZT films annealed via a two-step annealing process can be reduced 20$0^{\circ}C$ compared to that of the conventional three-step annealing temperature profile for enhancing the transformation of the perovskite phase. The remanent polarization and the coercive field of this film were about 20 $\mu$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 46 kV/cm, while the dielectric constant and loss values measured at 1 KHz were approximately 860 and 0.04, respectively. The interesting phenomena of this film, such as vertical shift in hysteresis curve, are also discussed.
Assessing the Limits of Agricultural Situation for the Food Security in North Korea
Rhie, Ja-Hyun,Lee, Kyo-Suk,Seo, Il-Hwan,Min, Se-Won,Chung, Doug-Young Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.4
The food situation in North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea, DPRK) has been in difficulty situation because of a shortage of energy, and of raw materials such as fertilizer and agricultural chemicals. The international agricultural aid programs can alleviate some difficulties in the agricultural areas, but the policies and measures in North Korea can not help difficulties in the agriculture due to the institutional obstacles enforced by DPRK. The arable area of DPRK is approximately $20,000km^2$, of which $14,000km^2$ is well for cereal cultivation. Fertilizer supplies in recent years between 700,000 and 750,000 tons annually were less than 50% of the normal requirement. Also, North Korea strongly needed to inject phosphorus fertilizer and lime to increase the fertility. Soil degradation in DPRK was characterized by physical and chemical changes caused by rapid loss of clay particles and organic matter. Intensive ploughing and tilling to grow crops may lead to massive soil degradation and declining yields. Although farmers in the DPRK have faced numerous challenges, not least of which are soil erosion, scarce inputs and extreme weather like drought, flooding and cold spells. Therefore farmers should be encouraged to adopt more environmentally sound cropping practices, to access quality seeds and planting materials and to reduce losses after the harvest.
Rhie Yoon Bock,Chun Chong Keun 한국전산구조공학회 1997 한국전산구조공학회논문집 Vol.10 No.1
This study investigates the stress distribution in a transversely isotropic medium containing a spheroidal cavity where the medium is under uniaxial tension in z;:iirection in one case and pure shear in the plane of isotropy in another case. The technical approach used in this study combines exact analytical and numerical methods. The exact analytical method is based upon three potential funct.ions taken in terms of the Legendre associated functions of the first and second kind. The numerical method is based upon the finite difference approach. Numerical results concerning the two loading conditions with fi ve anisotropic materials are presented.