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      • Evaluation of steam pasteurization in controlling <i>Salmonella</i> serotype Enteritidis on raw almond surfaces

        Chang, S.-S.,Han, A.R.,Reyes-De-Corcuera, J.I.,Powers, J.R.,Kang, D.-H. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Letters in applied microbiology Vol.50 No.4

        <P>Abstract</P><P>Aim: </P><P>To investigate the efficacy of steam pasteurization for reducing <I>Salmonella</I> serotype Enteritidis on raw almond surfaces.</P><P>Methods and Results: </P><P>Nonpareil almonds were inoculated to 10<SUP>7–8</SUP> CFU g<SUP>−1</SUP> with a <I>Salm</I>.<I> </I>Enteritidis cocktail (<I>Salm. </I>Enteritidis 43353, ME-13, ME-14) or <I>Salm</I>.<I> </I>Enteritidis phage type 30, dried overnight and subjected to steam treatments through a pilot-sized vertical pasteurization machine for 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 and 65 s to investigate the effect of steam on a single layer of almond. Survival of <I>Salm</I>.<I> </I>Enteritidis was evaluated with tryptic soy agar and xylose lysine desoxycholate overlay for total and healthy cells, respectively. No significant differences (<I>P</I> > 0·05) in reduction were observed between the <I>Salm. </I>Enteritidis cocktail and <I>Salm</I>. Enteritidis PT 30 inoculum. Reduction of <I>Salm. </I>Enteritidis increased as a function of treatment time, with 25 s being sufficient to achieve a 5-log reduction. Discolouration and visible formation of wrinkles were observed following steam pasteurization of more than 35 s.</P><P>Conclusions: </P><P>Steam pasteurization of 25 s is sufficient to achieve a 5-log reduction of <I>Salm. </I>Enteritidis inoculated on raw almonds without visual quality degradation.</P><P>Significance and Impact of the Study: </P><P>Steam pasteurization is an effective alternative to reduce or prevent <I>Salm. </I>Enteritidis contamination on raw almonds.</P>

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