From Protein Engineering to Immobilization: Promising Strategies for the Upgrade of Industrial Enzymes

Singh, Raushan Kumar,Tiwari, Manish Kumar,Singh, Ranjitha,Lee, Jung-Kul MDPI 2013 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.14 No.1

<P>Enzymes found in nature have been exploited in industry due to their inherent catalytic properties in complex chemical processes under mild experimental and environmental conditions. The desired industrial goal is often difficult to achieve using the native form of the enzyme. Recent developments in protein engineering have revolutionized the development of commercially available enzymes into better industrial catalysts. Protein engineering aims at modifying the sequence of a protein, and hence its structure, to create enzymes with improved functional properties such as stability, specific activity, inhibition by reaction products, and selectivity towards non-natural substrates. Soluble enzymes are often immobilized onto solid insoluble supports to be reused in continuous processes and to facilitate the economical recovery of the enzyme after the reaction without any significant loss to its biochemical properties. Immobilization confers considerable stability towards temperature variations and organic solvents. Multipoint and multisubunit covalent attachments of enzymes on appropriately functionalized supports via linkers provide rigidity to the immobilized enzyme structure, ultimately resulting in improved enzyme stability. Protein engineering and immobilization techniques are sequential and compatible approaches for the improvement of enzyme properties. The present review highlights and summarizes various studies that have aimed to improve the biochemical properties of industrially significant enzymes.</P>

Immobilization of l-arabinitol dehydrogenase on aldehyde-functionalized silicon oxide nanoparticles for l-xylulose production

Singh, Raushan Kumar,Tiwari, Manish Kumar,Singh, Ranjitha,Haw, Jung-Rim,Lee, Jung-Kul Springer-Verlag 2014 Applied microbiology and biotechnology Vol.98 No.3

Effect of Phytohormones on Multiple Shoot Bud Induction in cv. NARI-6 of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Kumar Jeya-Vijaya,Kumari B.D.Ranjitha The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.7 No.3

In the present study, in vitro multiple shoot induction was achieved from cotyledonary node and stem nodal explants of cv. NARI-6 of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Among various growth regulators tested, MS salts and B5 vitamins supplemented with BA (6-Benzy-laminopurine) $17.76\;{\mu}M$ and KN (Kinetin) $6.96\;{\mu}M$ phytohormonal combination was found to be the most effective in initiating numerous shoot buds after 30 days of culture than BA ($4.44-44.39\;{\mu}M$) or KN ($2.32-46.40\;{\mu}M$) alone in the medium. In addition, 0.8% (w/v) agar (Hi-media) and 3.0% sucrose (w/v) was the optimum level for the formation of adventitious shoots. Further results showed the maximum shoot elongation occurred on MS medium with BA ($8.88\;{\mu}M$) and $GA_3$($11.56\;{\mu}M$) combinations. Efficient rooting occurred on quarter strength MS medium with NAA $10.74\;{\mu}M$. The regenerated plantlets were acclimatized and successfully transferred to the field.

Protein Engineering Approaches in the Post-Genomic Era

Singh, Raushan Kumar,Lee, Jung-Kul,Selvaraj, Chandrabose,Singh, Ranjitha,Li, Jinglin,Kim, Sang-Yong,Kalia, Vipin C. Bentham Science Publishers 2018 Current protein & peptide science Vol.19 No.1

<P> Proteins are one of the most multifaceted macromolecules in living systems. Proteins have evolved to function under physiological conditions and, therefore, are not usually tolerant of harsh experimental and environmental conditions. The growing use of proteins in industrial processes as a greener alternative to chemical catalysts often demands constant innovation to improve their performance. Protein engineering aims to design new proteins or modify the sequence of a protein to create proteins with new or desirable functions. With the emergence of structural and functional genomics, protein engineering has been invigorated in the post-genomic era. The three-dimensional structures of proteins with known functions facilitate protein engineering approaches to design variants with desired properties. There are three major approaches of protein engineering research, namely, directed evolution, rational design, and de novo design. Rational design is an effective method of protein engineering when the threedimensional structure and mechanism of the protein is well known. In contrast, directed evolution does not require extensive information and a three-dimensional structure of the protein of interest. Instead, it involves random mutagenesis and selection to screen enzymes with desired properties. De novo design uses computational protein design algorithms to tailor synthetic proteins by using the three-dimensional structures of natural proteins and their folding rules. The present review highlights and summarizes recent protein engineering approaches, and their challenges and limitations in the post-genomic era. </P>

Ameliorative effects of Guilandina bonduc L. aqueous seed extract on letrozole induced polycystic ovary syndrome in female wistar albino rats

Thirumurugan Ayyadurai,Anil Kumar Moola,Prasobh K. Mohan,Senthil Kumar Thiruppathi,Achiraman Shanmugam,Diana Ranjitha Kumari Bollipo 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.4

The current study aims to identify the phytochemical constituents of Guilandina bonduc L. aqueous seed extract to evaluate their antioxidant potential through in vitro and in vivo toxicity models in female wistar albino rats. Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activities of G. bonduc aqueous seed extract (GBASE), were evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical along with the estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Three different doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) were used for the proposed study to evaluate the efficacy against Letrozole induced PCOS in rats. Renal toxicity and hepatotoxicity were evaluated by quantifying the serum levels of Kidney Function Test (KFT) and Liver Function Test (LFT). Histopathologic changes of kidney and liver were also evaluated. In vitro studies revealed that G. bonduc seed extracts strongly scavenging the DPPH with an IC50 value of 276.95 μg/ml and hydroxyl scavenging radical with an IC50 value of 296.34 μg/ml. Our phytochemical evaluation reveals the presence of phenolic compounds (2.834 ± 0.09 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g dried extract) and flavonoids (0.905 ± 0.01 mg of catechol equivalents/g dried extract) content. In vivo activity was evaluated in rats as an PCOS model, when compared to control and vehicle group, a normal arrangement of the hepatocyte sheath and central vein was observed. The letrozole induced by PCOS groups also exhibited no remarkable changes in hepatic histology but a minor irregularity in hepatocyte arrangement was observed. In the treatment group, the histopathological evaluation of the kidneys showed a prevalent control-like morphology with a sufficient mobile structure and a standard atrophy free glomerulus. Moreover, the treated animals showed significant changes in their liver and kidney weights. The biochemical evaluation shows elevated levels of serum AST and it indicates harm to the liver due to necrosis, inflammation, or bruising, indicating ill health. The aqueous seed extracts of 200 mg/kg exhibited a significant response compare favorably to that of the standard drug treated group (PCOS + Pioglitazone) which also had substantially reduced KFT and LFT levels in their serum when compared to the PCOS induced group. Herbal medications strengthen the immune system and help regulate the menstrual cycle. The results suggest that G. bonduc L. could be considered as an important candidate for its possible role in the treatment of PCOS and for the future drug discoveries.

ON DERIVATION ALGEBRA BUNDLE OF AN ALGEBRA BUNDLE

B.S. Kiranagi,RANJITHA KUMAR,K. AJAYKUMAR,B. MADHU 장전수학회 2018 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.21 No.2

We prove local triviality of a semisimple algebra bundle and that its corresponding Lie algebra bundle is a direct summand of the centre and a semisimple ideal bundle. Further we prove that the radical bundle of an algebra bundle is a characteristic ideal bundle. Using these results we establish that an algebra bundle is semisimple if and only if its derivation algebra bundle is either semisimple or zero.

Comparative toxicity of phosphine to developmental stages of three Callosobruchus species infesting stored pulses

Aidbhavi Revanasidda,Subramanian Sabtharishi,Ranjitha M.R.,Chandel Rahul Kumar,Srivastava Chitra,Bandi Sanjay M.,Singh Bansa 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.1

Bruchids pose serious threat to stored pulses, and their successful management largely depends on phosphine fumigation. For the first time, the comparative assessment of phosphine toxicity to all the developmental stages of three bruchid species in India was attempted at varied concentrations and exposure times. Based on probit estimates, the egg stages found to be least sensitive to phosphine followed by pupae and larvae, whereas adults were highly sensitive. Among the age groups of eggs, the early age groups (0–2 days old) were less sensitive than later stages (3–6 days old). The bruchid species viz., Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), C. analis (F.), and C. chinensis L. exhibited a variable degree of susceptibility irrespective of life stages and exposure periods tested. However, the collective probit estimates indicated C. maculatus being slightly less sensitive followed by C. analis and C. chinensis. Except in 0–2 day old eggs, the mortality response in 3–6 day old eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults was increased with increasing phospine concentrations and exposure period. The mortality response got even steeper at 48 and 72 h exposures as evident by decreasing LC50 and LC90 values. The information generated on phospine sensitivity in different life stages would serve as baseline data to design insecticide resistance studies in future and also to ascertain stage-specific Concentration vs. time (Ct) products for the recommendation of phosphine doses for successful management of bruchids during any of their life stages under storage conditions.

On pull back Lie algebra bundles

R. RAJENDRA,B.S. Kiranagi,RANJITHA KUMAR 장전수학회 2012 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.22 No.4

In this paper, given a Lie algebra bundle ε over a topological space X and a continuous map f : Y → X, we construct a pull back Lie algebra bundle f^*(ξ ) over Y and we show that a pull back Lie algebra bundle of a semisimple Lie algebra bundle is also semisimple. We prove that given a Lie algebra bundle ε over X and homotopic continuous maps f_0, f_1 : Y → X, the induced pull back bundles f^*_0 (ξ ) and f^*_1 (ξ ) are isomorphic if Y is compact Hausdorff. Also, we construct an example to show that this result is not true for weak Lie algebra bundles.

ON THE RADICAL BUNDLE OF A LIE ALGEBRA BUNDLE

B.S. Kiranagi,G.PREMA,RANJITHA KUMAR 장전수학회 2012 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.15 No.4

We show that the radical and nilradical bundles are characteristic ideal bundles of a Lie algebra bundle. Further a Lie algebra bundle is semisimple if and only if its derivation algebra bundle is semisimple.