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The Limits and Potential of Liberal Peacebuilding for Human Security
Peou, Sorpong 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2014 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.2 No.1
The overall record of peacebuilding as a post-Cold War liberal project has proved to be more positive than negative, especially in conflict termination. However, the peacebuilding agenda has had its limits in terms of progress in democratization, judicial institution-building and economic development, despite potential for greater success. Peacebuilders are more likely to succeed in transforming societies torn by armed conflict if they can avoid making the process excessively competitive. Democratization and capitalist development are already competitive processes, and the pursuit of retributive justice takes the form of judicial punishment. Together these strategies can form a recipe for competition and conflict, especially in institutionally weak states where the history of distrust among warring factions or former enemies is long and intractable.
Constructivism in Security Studies on Pacific Asia : Assessing Its Strengths and Weaknesses
Peou, Sorpong Center for International Studies, Inha University 2002 Pacific Focus Vol.17 No.2
In the last decade or so, security scholars have paid attention to nonmaterial factors in trying to make sense of the varied behavior of states in Pacific Asia. Although they do not totally reject material rationalism, constructivists have found in inadequate or misleading and sought to prove that ideational factors help shed better light an state’s security policies. Constructivism on security in Pacific Asia has at least three variant: Cultural realists build their theories on the concept of strategic culture, emphasizing the role of central decisionmakers; social interactionists stress the importance of socialization; historical culturalists pay considerable attention to cultural change in domestic political attitudes. This paper asks whether constructivism, one of today’s most influential competing paradigms, has supplanted or suppemented realist perspectives on national security. As the latest challenger in security studies, constructivism has become a general approach in security studies, but still needs to prove it self further before it can claim to be superior to realism. This paper also suggests what its proponents should do to improve their social theories and further shows that constructivism should be treated essentially as a theory of difference, which implies that sates are most likely to behave in ways that conform to balanceofthreat logic.
Human Security after 25 Years: Some Introductory Remarks and Critical Reflections
( Sorpong Peou ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2019 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.7 No.2
After 25 years, the global vision for human security as a concept and a policy commitment remains unfulfilled in most parts of the world. In fact, more and more evidence points to the growing reality that the idea of securing people has once again succumbed to the traditional concepts of state security and regime security, as it did after World War II. Part of the problem can be found in some major policy instruments adopted by proponents of human security. Military intervention for human protection, economic sanctions and judicial punishment or threats thereof, which have been regarded as policy instruments to protect people or promote human security, have proved to be either insufficient or ineffective, and at worst counter-productive.
Peace through Democracy and Justice? Legacies and Lessons from the Case of Cambodia
( Sorpong Peou ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2017 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.5 No.1
The pursuit of retributive justice in war-torn countries with extremely weak state institutions may not necessarily advance the causes of peace, democracy, and the rule of law. Win-lose electoral competition and judicial retribution may not necessarily be a recipe for peace and security. The case of Cambodia and others show that the pursuit of retributive justice has not proved to be the immediate or direct cause of peace, democratic, and rule-of-law institution building.
The Limits and Potential of Liberal Peacebuilding for Human Security
( Sorpong Peou ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2014 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.2 No.1
The overall record of peacebuilding as a post-Cold War liberal project has proved to be more positive than negative, especially in conflict termination. However, the peacebuilding agenda has had its limits in terms of progress in democratization, judicial institution-building and economic development, despite potential for greater success. Peacebuilders are more likely to succeed in transforming societies torn by armed conflict if they can avoid making the process excessively competitive. Democratization and capitalist development are already competitive processes, and the pursuit of retributive justice takes the form of judicial punishment. Together these strategies can form a recipe for competition and conflict, especially in institutionally weak states where the history of distrust among warring factions or former enemies is long and intractable.
Constructivism in Security Studies on Pacific Asia:Assessing its strengths and eaknesses
Sorpong Peou 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2002 Pacific Focus Vol.17 No.2
In the last decade or so, security scholars have paid attention to non‐material factors in trying to make sense of the varied behavior of states in Pacific Asia. Although they do not totally reject material rationalism, constructivists have found it inadequate or misleading and sought to prove that ideational factors help shed better light on states' security policies. Constructivism on security in Pacific Asia has at least three variants: Cultural realism, social interactionism, and historical culturalism. Cultural realists build their theories on the concept of strategic culture, emphasizing the role of central decision‐makers; social interactionists stress the importance of socialization; historical culturalists pay considerable attention to cultural change in domestic political attitudes. This paper asks whether constructivism, one of today's most influential competing paradigms, has supplanted or supplemented realist perspectives on national security. As the latest challenger in security studies, constructivism has become a general approach in security studies, but still needs to prove itself further before it can claim to be superior to realism. This paper also suggests what its proponents should do to improve their social theories and farther shows that constructivism should be treated essentially as a theory of difference, which implies that states are most likely to behave in ways that conform to balance‐of‐threat logic.
Building an Asia-Pacific Peace Community from a Human Security Perspective
Sorpong Peou 이화여자대학교 국제지역연구소 2016 Asian International Studies Review Vol.17 No.1
This paper argues that the development of a regional peace community requires a high degree of human security that only stable democratic states are capable of providing. It advances the concept of regional peace community and seeks to formulate and validate the proposition that people-centered democracies are stable and stable democracies make regional peace communities durable. Although much has been written about human security in East Asia, no serious effort has been made to make human security the key conceptual foundation of a regional peace community in the Asia-Pacific.
Why ‘Smart’ Sanctions Still Cause Human Insecurity
( Sorpong Peou ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2019 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.7 No.2
This article seeks to answer the questions of whether sanctions are ‘smart’ as designed and why if they are not. Evidence appears to suggest that smart sanctions are not ‘intelligent’ enough to change political leaders’ alleged violent behavior or to protect innocent civilians from direct or physical as well as indirect or structural violence. Targeted government officials can always find ways to outsmart the sanction sender actors by resisting the latter’s coercive efforts because of their willingness and ability to take repressive action against their people and find alternative trading partners as well as support from powerful undemocratic states. Instead of minimizing human suffering, sanctions tend to exacerbate regime insecurity and perpetuate international alliance politics. The cases of Myanmar and North Korea validate this proposition.