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        A comprehensive optimization model for integrated solid waste management system: A case study

        Koushik Paul,Subhasish Chattopadhyay,Amit Dutta,Akhouri P. Krishna,Subhabrata Ray 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.2

        Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the poorly rendered services in developing countries – limited resources, increasing population, rapid urbanization and application of outdated systems leads to inefficiency. Lack of proper planning and inadequate data regarding solid waste generation and collection compound the SWM problem. Decision makers need to formulate solutions that consider multiple goals and strategies. Given the large number of available options for SWM and the inter-relationships among these options, identifying SWM strategies that satisfy economic or environmental objectives is a complex task. The paper develops a mathematical model for a municipal Integrated SWM system, taking into account waste generation rates, composition, transportation modes, processing techniques, revenues from waste processing, simulating waste management as closely as possible. The constraints include those linking waste flows and mass balance, processing plants capacity, landfill capacity, transport vehicle capacity and number of trips. The linear programming model integrating different functional elements was solved by LINGO optimization software and various possible waste management options were considered during analysis. The model thus serves as decision support tool to evaluate various waste management alternatives and obtain the least-cost combination of technologies for handling, treatment and disposal of solid waste.

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        Recent status of cadmium-contaminated paddy field and its impact on food safety: a field study over two years in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India

        Biswas Ankita,Pal Suparna,Paul Subhabrata 한국작물학회 2024 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.27 No.1

        Asian people depend on rice for its signifcant nutritional value. The depreciating efect of cadmium (Cd) on rice crops is notably impulsive, leading to high changes in feld and negotiating consumer health. A regional two-year survey of 30 felds of the district North 24 Parganas was conducted to study soil parameters contributing Cd uptake in rice grains and subsequently to compare phytochemical properties of seeds among 3 common cultivars. Based on soil Cd concentration, rice cultivars grown in high Cd (HCd) and low Cd (LCd) contaminated felds were chosen. The efcacy of grain nutrition status of each cultivar with HCd and LCd was compared. Our results revealed that soil pH, organic matter, carbonate, and minerals pronouncedly afected Cd accumulation in grains. Cd-exposed Khitish HCd grains displayed signifcant reduction of phytochemicals like sugar, phenol, thiamine, ascorbic acid, and ribofavin contents imposing major nutritional degradation of grains compared to Khitish LCd. Contrarily, Pratiksha grains exhibited moderate levels of degradation while Maharaj HCd showed the least alteration in phytochemical status with minimum-grain-quality degradation compared to other HCd cultivars. The element analysis also confrmed that the highest Cd content in Khitish grains holds this cultivar as Cd accumulator while low Cd in Maharaj grain makes this “Cd safe” cultivar. This investigation may be recommended to avert consumption of such rice cultivars that accumulate high Cd in grains, and precautions should be drawn to limit Cd accumulation in rice grains by implementing Cd remediating agents for better food security

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