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Corticospinal excitability in the non-dominant hand is affected by BDNF genotype
Chang, W. H.,Hwang, J. M.,Uhm, K. E.,Pascual-Leone, A.,Kim, Y. H. Springer 2017 NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol.38 No.2
<P>The objective of this study was to assess the functional state of corticospinal projections in the non-dominant hand according to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphisms. We investigated this in 34 healthy right-handed individuals (12 men, mean age 27.4 +/- 3.4 years) who underwent two experimental sessions consisting of corticospinal excitability measurements with single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and hand motor function assessments with a sequential finger motor task of the non-dominant hand. Experimental sessions were separated by periods of at least 2 days to avoid carryover effects. Data were analyzed according to BDNF polymorphism (Val/Val vs. Val/Met vs. Met/Met group). Ten (29.4%), seventeen (50.0%), and seven (20.6%) participants were allocated to the Val/Val, Val/Met, and Met/Met groups, respectively. Motor thresholds to TMS did not differ among groups, but the amplitude of the motor-evoked potentials in the non-dominant hand induced by suprathreshold (120% of MT) TMS was significantly lower in the Met/Met group than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). Movement accuracy and reaction time in the sequential finger motor task showed no significant differences among groups. These results indicate that Met/Met BDNF homozygote status affects corticospinal excitability, and should be controlled for in studies of motor system function using brain stimulation. Our findings may have clinical implications regarding further investigation of the impact of BDNF genotype on the human motor system.</P>
Ohn, Suk Hoon,Chang, Won Hyuk,Park, Chang-hyun,Kim, Sung Tae,Lee, Jung Il,Pascual-Leone, Alvaro,Kim, Yun-Hee SAGE Publications 2012 Neurorehabilitation and neural repair Vol.26 No.4
<P>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) modulates central neuropathic pain in some patients after stroke, but the mechanisms of action are uncertain.</P>
Optimal number of pulses as outcome measures of neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation
Chang, Won Hyuk,Fried, Peter J.,Saxena, Sadhvi,Jannati, Ali,Gomes-Osman, Joyce,Kim, Yun-Hee,Pascual-Leone, Alvaro ELSEVIER 2016 CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY -SHANNON- Vol.127 No.8
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>Identify the optimal number of pulses necessary to achieve reliable measures of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Retrospective data was obtained from 54 healthy volunteers (30 men, mean age 61.7±13.1years) who as part of prior studies had completed three blocks of 30 consecutive TMS stimuli using neuronavigation. Data from four protocols were assessed: single-pulse TMS for measures of amplitude and latency of MEPs; paired-pulse TMS for short-interval intracortical inhibition (sICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF); and single-pulse TMS to assess the effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). Two statistical methods were used: an internal consistency analysis and probability of inclusion in the 95% confidence interval (CI) around the mean MEPs amplitude.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>For single-pulse TMS, the minimum number of pulses needed to achieve reliable amplitude and latency MEPs measures was 21 and 23, respectively. For paired-pulse TMS, the minimum number of pulses needed to achieve reliable sICI and ICF measures was 20 and 25, respectively. Finally, the minimum number of pulses needed to achieve reliable amplitude and latency MEPs measures after iTBS was 22 and 23, respectively.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study provides guidelines regarding the minimum number of pulses needed to achieve reliable MEPs measurements in various study protocols using neuronavigated TMS.</P> <P><B>Significance</B></P> <P>Results from this study have the potential to increase the reliability and quality of future neuronavigated TMS studies.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The minimum number of pulses for reliable amplitude and latency of motor evoked potentials was 21 and 23 in response to neuronavigated single-pulse TMS, respectively. </LI> <LI> The minimum number of pulses for reliable short-interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation was 20 and 25, respectively. </LI> <LI> Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation might reduce the number of pulses necessary for reliable measurements. </LI> </UL> </P>