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        Optimization and modeling of zinc borate (2ZnO 3B_2O_3 3.5H_2O) production with the reaction of boric acid and zinc oxide

        Osman Nuri Ata,Enes Sayan,Bengul Engin 한국공업화학회 2011 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.17 No.3

        Production of zinc borate from boric acid was investigated in aqueousmedia. Zinc oxide and zinc borate are used as seed crystal to convert all the zinc oxide and to get a high reaction rate. The effect of some parameters such as temperature, stirring speed, H_3BO_3-to-ZnO ratio, % seed crystal/(H_3BO_3 + ZnO) and time was studied on zinc borate production by using the 251 fractional factorial design and central composite design methods. The chosen experimental parameters and their ranges were as follows:reaction temperature, 68–102 ℃ stirring speed, 333–767 rpm; H_3BO_3-to-ZnO ratio, 3–10; % seed crystal/(H_3BO_3 + ZnO), 0–1; time, 60–200 min. A statistical model for production of zinc borate was developed between the zinc oxide conversion and relevant parameters bymeans of variance analysis by using the Matlab computer software. This model was used to determine optimum production conditions. The optimum conditions for production of the zinc borate from boric acid in aqueous media were determined to be as follows: reaction temperature, 85 8C; stirring speed, 766 rpm; H_3BO_3-to-ZnO ratio,10; % seed crystal/(H_3BO_3 + ZnO), 1 × 10^3, reaction time, 183 min. Under the optimum conditions, the calculated zinc oxide conversion was approximately 99%.

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        Ammonia removal by air stripping in a semi-batch jet loop reactor

        Nejdet Degermenci,Ergun Yildız,Osman Nuri Ata 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.1

        Ammonia is very toxic chemical and it can be removed by air stripping at high pH. JLRs have found applications in wastewater treatment processes due to their high mass transfer rates. In JLRs, intrinsic high turbulence result in a very large air-liquid surface area for greater mass transfer. Therefore, in this study, ammonia removal by air stripping from synthetically prepared ammonia solution at the high pH in a semi-batch JLR due to its high mass transfer capabilities have been investigated. Investigated parameters in a JLR were initial ammonia concentration (10–500 mg/L), temperature (20–50 8C), air flow rate (5–50 L/min) and liquid circulation rate (35–50 L/min). While it was demonstrated that temperature and air flow rate have a significant effect on the ammonia removal, it was determined that initial ammonia concentration and liquid circulation rate have no significant effect on the ammonia removal. The overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients (KLa) have been calculated from obtained model and it was determined that increasing temperature and air flow rate have a very significant effect on KLa. It was concluded that JLR provides higher mass transfer capabilities than other type of reactors even if less air is given.

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