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Endoscopic Molecular Imaging: Status and Future Perspective
Naoki Muguruma,Hiroshi Miyamoto,Toshiya Okahisa,Tetsuji Takayama 대한소화기내시경학회 2013 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.46 No.6
During the last decade, researchers have made great progress in the development of new image processing technologies for gastrointestinal endoscopy. However, diagnosis using conventional endoscopy with white light optical imaging is essentially limited, and ultimately, we still rely on the histopathological diagnosis from biopsy specimens. Molecular imaging represents the most novel imaging methods in medicine, and the future of endoscopic diagnosis is likely to be impacted by a combination of biomarkers and technology. Endoscopic molecular imaging can be defined as the visualization of molecular characteristics with endoscopy. These innovations will allow us not only to locate a tumor or dysplastic lesion but also to visualize its molecular characteristics and the activity of specific molecules and biological processes that affect tumor behavior and/or its response to therapy. In the near future, these promising technologies will play a central role in endoluminal oncology.
Endoscopic Management of Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: State of the Art
Naoki Muguruma,Shinji Kitamura,Tetsuo Kimura,Hiroshi Miyamoto,Tetsuji Takayama 대한소화기내시경학회 2015 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.48 No.2
Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization and a major cause of morbidityand mortality worldwide. Recently developed endoscopic devices and supporting apparatuses can achieve endoscopic hemostasis withgreater safety and efficiency. With these advancements in technology and technique, gastroenterologists should have no concerns regardingthe management of acute upper GI bleeding, provided that they are well prepared and trained. However, when endoscopic hemostasisfails, endoscopy should not be continued. Rather, endoscopists should refer patients to radiologists and surgeons without anydelay for evaluation regarding the appropriateness of emergency interventional radiology or surgery. Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently developed endoscopic devices and supporting apparatuses can achieve endoscopic hemostasis with greater safety and efficiency. With these advancements in technology and technique, gastroenterologists should have no concerns regarding the management of acute upper GI bleeding, provided that they are well prepared and trained. However, when endoscopic hemostasis fails, endoscopy should not be continued. Rather, endoscopists should refer patients to radiologists and surgeons without any delay for evaluation regarding the appropriateness of emergency interventional radiology or surgery.
Twin Rectal Tonsils Mimicking Carcinoid or Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma
Masanori Takehara,Naoki Muguruma,Shinji Kitamura,Tetsuo Kimura,Koichi Okamoto,Hiroshi Miyamoto,Yoshimi Bando,Tetsuji Takayama 대한소화기내시경학회 2017 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.50 No.5
The rectal tonsil is a rare polypoid lesion exclusively found in the rectum and is considered a reactive proliferation of the lymphoid tissue. Although this lesion is benign, we recommend that it should be differentiated from carcinoid or polypoid type of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, based on gross findings. In this case report, we describe a case of rectal lesions with a unique appearance in a 41-year-old man. Colonoscopy revealed two 5-mm-sized nodules located opposite from each other on the left and right sides of the lower rectum. Endoscopic mucosal resection was conducted. Histopathologically, both lesions were mainly located in the submucosa and consisted of prominent lymphoid follicles with germinal centers of various sizes. No immunoreactivity of Bcl-2 was seen in the germinal centers. Immunohistochemical staining for kappa and lambda light chains revealed a polyclonal pattern. Therefore, these lesions were diagnosed as rectal tonsils.