Hypertrophy of the Muscularis Propria of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter and the Body lf the Esophagus in Patients With Primary Motility Disorders of the Esophagus

Mittal, Ravinder K.,Kassab, Ghassan,Puckett, James L.,Liu, Jianmin 대한소화관운동학회 2003 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.9 No.3

Objectives: Patients with diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) and nutcracker esophagus/high amplitude esophageal contraction (HAEC) have a thicker esophageal muscularis propria than do healthy subjects. The goals of this study were to determine the esophageal muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA), a measure of muscle mass, in patients with achalasia of the esophagus; and to compare it with that in patients with DES, patients with HAEC, and normal subjects. Methods: Using a high-frequency ultrasound probe catheter, concurrent manometry and ultrasound images of the esophagus were recorded in four subject groups: normal volunteers, patients with HAEC, patients with DES, and patients with achalasia of the esophagus. Recordings were obtained from the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and multiple sites in the esophagus 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm above the LES. Results: The LES and esophageal muscle thickness as well as esophageal MCSA were greater in all three patient groups than in the normal subject group. Muscle thickness and MCSA were observed to be greatest in patients with achalasia, which were greater than in patients with DES, which were greater than in those with HAEC, which in turn were greater than in normal subjects. Conclusions: We propose that an increase in the MCSA is an important feature of patients with primary motility disorders of the esophagus. The degree of increase in muscle mass may be an important determinant of the type and the severity of esophageal motor dysfunction. (Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:17051712. 2003 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology)

Chemical vapor deposition-based grafting of CNTs onto basalt fabric and their reinforcement in epoxy-based composites

Mittal, Garima,Rhee, Kyong Y. Elsevier 2018 Composites science and technology Vol.165 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Basalt fiber (BF) is considered to be a green industrial material, exhibiting outstanding environmental stability along with superior mechanical properties compared to E-type glass fiber. It is also less expensive than carbon fiber, making make it perfect for the mass-production of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRPs) composites. BFRPs are reinforced with nanomaterials to further enhance their performance. However, nanomaterials have the tendency to agglomerate because of their high surface energy, which hinders their efficient dispersion into the matrix. Hence, in this study, we grafted CNTs onto basalt fabric using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Furthermore, CNT-grafted basalt fabric (BF-CNT) was sandwiched with epoxy via a hand lay-up technique. XRD, HR-RAMAN, FE-SEM, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed to characterize BF-CNT. The properties of the fabricated BF-CNT/epoxy composites were also analyzed and compared with CNT-reinforced BF/epoxy composites. Based on our results, we found that the BF-CNT/epoxy composite shows improved properties.</P>

Hierarchical structures of CNT@basalt fabric for tribological and electrical applications: Impact of growth temperature and time during synthesis

Mittal, Garima,Rhee, Kyong Y. Elsevier 2018 Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufactur Vol.115 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hierarchical structures are continuously drawing the attention of researchers to replace traditional polymeric structures. Here, hierarchical structures of basalt fabric coated with CNTs (BF-CNTs) were prepared using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). To understand the effects of growth temperature and growth time during chemical vapor deposition on grafting of CNTs on basalt fabric, two cases were considered i.e., grafting at 600, 650, and 700 °C for 30 min and at 650 °C for 30, 60, and 120 min. BF-CNTs were characterized using XRD, HR-Raman, FE-SEM, and DSC. Further, BF-CNTs were sandwiched with epoxy via a hand lay-up method and their effects on the tribological and electrical properties of epoxy composites were analyzed. The results show the composites with BF-CNT prepared at higher growth temperature and for longer time possessed a lower coefficient of friction (CoF), lower wear loss, lower volume resistivity, and improved electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE).</P>

COMPUTATION OF WEDDERBURN DECOMPOSITION OF GROUPS ALGEBRAS FROM THEIR SUBALGEBRA

Mittal, Gaurav,Sharma, Rajendra Kumar Korean Mathematical Society 2022 대한수학회보 Vol.59 No.3

In this paper, we show that under certain conditions the Wedderburn decomposition of a finite semisimple group algebra 𝔽_qG can be deduced from a subalgebra 𝔽_q(G/H) of factor group G/H of G, where H is a normal subgroup of G of prime order P. Here, we assume that q = p^r for some prime p and the center of each Wedderburn component of 𝔽_qG is the coefficient field 𝔽_q.

INTEGRAL REPRESENTATION OF APPELL'S FUNCTIONS

Mittal, K.C. Department of Mathematics 1977 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.17 No.1

Investigation of corrosion behaviour of carbon nanotubes coated basalt fabric as a reinforcement material

Mittal, Garima,Neš,ović,, Katarina,Rhee, Kyong Yop,Miš,ković,-Stanković,, Vesna Elsevier 2019 Composites Part B, Engineering Vol.178 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, the corrosion behaviour of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated basalt fibre (BF) (BFCNTs) obtained by chemical vapour deposition (CVD), was studied. During CVD, the CNTs were grown on BF, (a) at different growth temperatures and (b) for different growth times. The physicochemical measurements were performed using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion performances were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic sweep (PDS), linear polarization resistance (LPR) and weight loss measurements. The BFCNT prepared at 650 °C for 120 min exhibited the best corrosion stability during the prolonged exposure to 0.1 M NaCl electrolyte. The outcomes of this study would be useful in designing the carbon nanotubes coated basalt fibre with the best corrosion resistance.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CNTs coated basalt fibres were obtained using chemical vapour deposition. </LI> <LI> CNTs were grown at different growth temperatures and for different growth times. </LI> <LI> BFCNTs prepared for longer growth time showed better CNT formation on BF. </LI> <LI> Better CNT formation on BF improved the corrosion stability of the BFCNTs composite. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Reinforcements in multi-scale polymer composites: Processing, properties, and applications

Mittal, Garima,Rhee, Kyong Y.,Miš,ković,-Stanković,, Vesna,Hui, David Elsevier 2018 Composites Part B, Engineering Vol.138 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Smart and novel materials require the replacement of conventional composites with superior ones, which requires an advanced class of composites with multi-functionality. Multi-scale composites are advanced composites that are reinforced with nanoscale materials along with macroscale fibers, and these materials have attracted the attention of researchers as well as various industries. Multi-scale composites have potential applications in almost every field due to their remarkable features like extraordinary mechanical, electrical, and optical properties; extremely high aspect ratios of the nanomaterial constituents; and the uniformity, flexibility, and stability of the fibers. To optimize the performance of these kinds of composites, it is crucial to understand the selection of appropriate reinforcements, processing, and utilization of these advanced materials. Most reviews in this area concentrate only on CNTs, while this review considers other nanomaterials too. Additionally, various methods to improve the dispersion of nanomaterials into the matrix are also discussed. Overall, this article focuses on the components of multi-scale composites, key challenges related to their processing, and the multi-functionality of designed multi-scale composites.</P>

Generation of the pores on graphene surface and their reinforcement effects on the thermal and mechanical properties of chitosan-based composites

Mittal, Garima,Rhee, Kyong Yop,Park, Soo Jin,Hui, David Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Composites Part B, Engineering Vol.114 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Surface modification is one of the techniques to alter the properties of the existing materials. However, there are numerous studies using various surface modification methods have been published. In the present study, a very simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly thermal approach is used to modify the surface of the graphene, as the graphene is considered as a wonder material due to its unique properties and a broad spectrum of applications. After modification, pores are generated on the graphene surface which is investigated through field-emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis are also conducted to validate the changes. Subsequently, the effects of porous graphene on the properties of chitosan-based composites are studied by reinforcing it into the biodegradable polymer chitosan. Chitosan/graphene composites are synthesized via a solution-casting method. The thermal stability and mechanical properties are accomplished through thermogravimetric analysis and a universal testing machine, respectively. The results indicated that the composite with porous graphene exhibited better thermal properties (∼6% lower weight loss) along with improved (21%) tensile strength, which may be due to the enhanced interfacial interactions between the mesh-like porous graphene and chitosan.</P>

Impact of Various Tumor Markers in Prognosis of Gastric Cancer -A Hospital Based Study from Tertiary Care Hospital of Kathmandu Valley

Mittal, Ankush,Gupta, Satrudhan Pd.,Jha, Dipendra Kumar,Sathian, Brijesh,Poudel, Bibek Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3

Background: To obtain the maximum additional information about the prognosis of gastric cancer, we compared CA-50 with other previously defined markers. Materials and Methods: This hospital based study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences between $1^{st}$ July 2012 and $31^{st}$ December 2012. The variables collected were age, gender, AFP, CEA, CA19-9, and CA50, assayed with ELISA reader for all cases. The cut off values for serum AFP, CEA, CA19-9, and CA-50 were 10 ${\mu}g/l$, 10 ${\mu}g/l$, 37 U/ml, and 20 U/ml, respectively according to the manufacturer's instructions. Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Results: Of the 40 examined patients, 13 patients had tumors located in the upper third of the stomach, 6 patients had tumors in the middle third, 16 patients had tumors in the lower third, and 5 patients had tumors occupying two-thirds of the stomach or more. The distribution of lymph node staging of the patients was as follows: 7 patients belonged to N0, 9 patients to N1 stage, 10 patients to N2 stage, and 14 patients to N3 stage. The statistical method of Cox proportional hazards using multivariate analysis also illustrated that tumor markers including CEA (2.802), CA19-9 (2.690), CA50 (2.101), were independent prognostic factors, as tumor size (1.603), and lymph node stage (1.614). Conclusions: The tumour markers now available, like CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 50, chiefly perceive advanced gastric cancer. The preoperative rise in those tumour marker level have a prognostic significance and may be clinically helpful in choosing patients for adjuvant management.

PERFORMANCE ADAPTABILITY OF INDIAN DESERT GOAT UNDER WATER STRESS CONDITIONS

Mittal, J.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.3