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The Impact of Urban Development on Natural Lakes
Mey Chakriya(마이 짝리야),Hwang Jeewook(황지욱) 한국지역개발학회 2016 한국지역개발학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.11
Urban growth is a worldwide phenomenon and the rate of urbanization is very rapid in developing countries like Cambodia. It is mainly driven by unorganized expansion increased by immigration and population growth. The accelerated development in the city has made the inner city lakes, wetlands, streams and ponds filled with earth to create developable land. The impact of urban development surrounded with naturally inhabited areas in Phnom Penh has been so pervasive that the lakes are confronted with environmental disturbances. High levels of disturbance to the urban lakes in the past and recent years, such as lake infilling, land use chance, shoreline encroachment, and garbage dump, have caused urban lakes loss and floods in the city. The Boeung Kak Lake is located at the centre of urban Phnom Penh was the largest urban wet land in Cambodia. It’s a 90 hectare lake located within the Doun Penh district in the north of Phnom Penh city. A private developer, Shukaku Inc, has taken a lease of an area of 133 hectare, including the lake, from the Municipality of Phnom Penh and planned to fill and develop the area. This area is home to approximate 30,000 people living and working there. During 1980s, the lake had been a rich source of aquatic and plant life. A bustling Tourism industry been had developed around the lake encouraging the establishment of guesthouses, cafes and tour operators along the lake shore to attract the patronage of both local and international visitors(1). The lake is closed lake system, and it means that the catchment is not much larger than the lake itself. Rainfall onto the lake itself is stored within the lake until it evaporates or infiltrates. The volume of this direct rainfall on the lake was estimated during a storm event in April 2008 as 360,000m3. This event was not noted as particularly large by residents of the lake. Following filling and development of the Boeung Kak area, rainfall on the development is expected to be diverted to neighboring areas downstream to the north. While the lake is a closed system with little catchment contribution beyond the lake itself, the proposed development area is large enough to generate large volumes of runoff. This runoff has potential to cause significant impacts on property and hazard to the life downstream. The aim of this study is to investigate the land filling of a natural lake (Boeung kak), how the land filling causes extensive flooding in surrounding areas during the rainfall and thereby studying the social/ economical impacts on the livelihood of the lake’s neighborhood people through a process of data collections, technical visualization using satellite timeline images. The result of this study show that the developmental land filling of natural lakes and other water resources have so many adverse effects on economic and social aspects of a city resulting deaths of thousands and un-repairable damages to millions of dollars worth of households and education health care and infrastructure.
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