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Vanillin Differentially Affects Azoxymethane-Injected Rat Colon Carcinogenesis and Gene Expression
Ket Li Ho,Pei Pei Chong,Latifah Saiful Yazan,Maznah Ismail 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.12
Vanillin is the substance responsible for the flavor and smell of vanilla, a widely used flavoring agent. Previous studies reported that vanillin is a good antimutagen and anticarcinogen. However, there are also some contradicting findings showing that vanillin was a comutagen and cocarcinogen. This study investigated whether vanillin is an anticarcinogen or a cocarcinogen in rats induced with azoxymethane (AOM). Rats induced with AOM will develop aberrant crypt foci (ACF). AOM-challenged rats were treated with vanillin orally and intraperitoneally at low and high concentrations and ACF density, multiplicity, and distribution were observed. The gene expression of 14 colorectal cancer-related genes was also studied. Results showed that vanillin consumed orally had no effect on ACF. However, high concentrations (300 mg/kg body weight) of vanillin administered through intraperitoneal injection could increase ACF density and ACF multiplicity. ACF were mainly found in the distal colon rather than in the mid-section and proximal colon. The expression of colorectal cancer biomarkers, protooncogenes, recombinational repair, mismatch repair, and cell cycle arrest, and tumor suppressor gene expression were also affected by vanillin. Vanillin was not cocarcinogenic when consumed orally. However, it was cocarcinogenic when being administered intraperitoneally at high concentration. Hence, the use of vanillin in food should be safe but might have cocarcinogenic potential when it is used in high concentration for therapeutic purposes.
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SAMER HASAN HUSSEIN-AL-ALI,Palanisamy Arulselvan,Sharida Fakurazi,Maznah Ismail,DENA DORNIANI,MOHD ZOBIR HUSSEIN 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.2
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared by the coprecipitation method using a molar ratioof Fe 3 þ:Fe 2 þof 2:1. The surface of MNP was coated with chitosan (CS) and polyethylene glycol(PEG) to form CS – MNP and PEG – MNP nanoparticles, respectively. Anthranilic acid (AA) wasloaded on the surface of the resulting nanoparticles to form AA – CS – MNP and AA – PEG – MNPnanocomposites, respectively. The nanocomposites obtained were characterized using powderX-ray di®raction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetryanalysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results showed that the as-synthesized nanocomposites are pure magnetite. FTIRresults analysis indicated the existence of two polymers on the particle surface of the MNP andthe presence of loaded AA on the surface of CS – MNP and PEG – MNP nanoparticles. Anthranilicacid loading and the release pro¯les of AA – CS – MNP and AA – PEG – MNP nanocompositesshowed that up to 8.8% and 5.5% of the adsorbed drug were released in 670 min and 771 min,respectively. Anthranilic acid release pro¯les followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic controlledprocess. The cytotoxicity of the as-synthesized anthranilic acid nanocomposities were determinedusing MTT assay using murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. MTT results showed that thecytotoxic e®ects of AA – CS – MNP were higher than AA – PEG – MNP against the tested cells ascompared to free anthranilic acid. In this manner, this study introduces novel anthranilic acidnanocomposites that can be used on-demand for biomedical applications.
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