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        The In Vitro Genotoxic Effect of Tucuma (Astrocaryum aculeatum), an Amazonian Fruit Rich in Carotenoids

        Olmiro Cezimbra de Souza Filho,Michele Rorato Sagrillo,Luiz Filipe Machado Garcia,Alencar Kolinski Machado,Francine Cadona,Euler Esteves Ribeiro,Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura Duarte,Ademir Farias More 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.11

        Tucuma (Astrocaryum aculeatum) is an Amazonian fruit that presents high levels of carotenoids and other bioactive compounds such as quercetin. The extracts of tucuma peel and pulp present strong antioxidant activity which illustrate an elevated concentration that causes cytotoxic effects in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This study performed additional investigations to analyze the potential genotoxic effects of the tucuma extracts on PBMCs. The genotoxicity was evaluated by DNA fragmentation, Comet assay, and chromosomal instability G-band assays. The acute tucuma extract treatment showed genoprotective effects against DNA denaturation when compared with untreated PBMC cells. However, in the experiments with 24 and 72 h treatments to tucuma treatments, we observed low genotoxicity through a concentration of 100 lg/mL, some genotoxic effects related to intermediary concentrations (100–500 lg/mL), and more pronounced genotoxic effects on higher tucuma extract concentrations. After 24 h of treatment, the reactive oxygen species were similar among treatments and PBMC control groups. However, the caspase-1 activity related to the apoptosis and pyroptosis process increased significantly in higher tucuma concentrations. In summary, tucuma extracts, despite their higher antioxidant content and antioxidant activity, would present PBMCs genotoxic effects that are dependent on concentration and time exposition. These results need to be considered in future in vitro and in vivo studies of tucuma effects.

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