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Magdalena Gurgul,Karolina Gawlak,Karolina Syrek,Marcin Kozieł,Grzegorz D. Sulka,Leszek Zaraska 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.90 No.-
Nanoporous SnOx films with ultra-small channels (<20 nm in diameter) were synthesized by one-stepanodic oxidation of Sn foil in 1 M sodium hydroxide. Then, as-prepared materials were immersed indistilled water for various durations (2–120 h) tofind out whether a simple soaking process can affect thephotoelectrochemical performance of such kind of photoanodes. It was confirmed that during exposureto water, spontaneous crystallization of the amorphous SnOx matrix into rutile-type SnO2 occurs via adissolution–redeposition process, which results in a gradual loss of the initial porous morphology andthinning of the anodicfilm. Moreover, due to the formation of less defective, more stoichiometric, andcrystalline SnO2-x, gradual widening of the semiconductor band gap, the cathodic shift of theflat bandand onset potentials, as well as decrease in the donor density are observed. All these factors are thereason for the significant deterioration of the photoelectrochemical performance of SnOx photoanodesduring their exposure to water. Therefore, it was confirmed that even slight differences in theexperimental procedure, especially sample washing, drying, and storage, can result in meaningfulchanges in the composition, and the photoelectrochemical properties of anodically generated tin oxidefilms.