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- 저자 : M.J. Quina (검색결과 1 건)
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Sustainability of kraft pulp mills: Bleaching technologies and sequences with reduced water use
A.M. Sousa,I.S.S. Pinto,L. Machado,L. Gando-Ferreira,M.J. Quina 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.125 No.-
The Kraft pulp industry is a relevant industrial sector in many countries with a considerable social, economic,and environmental impact. Thus, sustainability is the adequate framework to address this activitysector. This work presents a review of the literature, with a particular focus on the bleaching area and itsrelevance in reducing water use. The sustainability reports of the most prominent pulp and paper companieswere analyzed, considering their specific water utilization and the sustainability targets they haveoutlined. The most industrially applied bleaching sequences were also addressed and the stages of thestate-of-the-art sequences were analyzed (elemental chlorine free – ECF bleaching). Moreover, in thisreview, a detailed analysis of a sequence used on an industrial scale was carried out, highlighting thewashing steps and the measures that are taken to minimize water use. The main limitations to the minimizationof water use were identified, being deposit formation the major problem. Measures to overcomethese limitations, as well as future perspectives were discussed. Due to the shortage offreshwater nearby some pulp and paper production sites, there will continue to be great pressure inthe future to reduce water utilization, especially in the bleaching area.
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