Continued Emissions of the Ozone-Depleting Substance Carbon Tetrachloride From Eastern Asia

Lunt, M. F.,Park, S.,Li, S.,Henne, S.,Manning, A. J.,Ganesan, A. L.,Simpson, I. J.,Blake, D. R.,Liang, Q.,O'Doherty, S.,Harth, C. M.,Mü,hle, J.,Salameh, P. K.,Weiss, R. F.,Krummel, P. B.,Fraser, P American Geophysical Union 2018 Geophysical research letters Vol.45 No.20

Reconciling reported and unreported HFC emissions with atmospheric observations

Lunt, Mark F.,Rigby, Matthew,Ganesan, Anita L.,Manning, Alistair J.,Prinn, Ronald G.,O’Doherty, Simon,Mü,hle, Jens,Harth, Christina M.,Salameh, Peter K.,Arnold, Tim,Weiss, Ray F.,Saito, Takuya,Y National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.19

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are among the atmosphere’s fastest growing, and most potent, greenhouse gases. Proposals have been made to phase down their use over the coming decades. Such initiatives may largely be informed by existing emissions inventories, which, we show, are the subject of significant uncertainty. In this work, we use atmospheric models and measurements to examine the accuracy of these inventories for five major HFCs. We show that, when aggregated together, reported emissions of these HFCs from developed countries are consistent with the atmospheric measurements, and almost half of global emissions now originate from nonreporting countries. However, the agreement between our results and the inventory breaks down for individual HFC emissions, suggesting inaccuracies in the reporting methods for individual compounds.</P><P>We infer global and regional emissions of five of the most abundant hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) using atmospheric measurements from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment and the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, networks. We find that the total CO<SUB>2</SUB>-equivalent emissions of the five HFCs from countries that are required to provide detailed, annual reports to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) increased from 198 (175–221) Tg-CO<SUB>2</SUB>-eq⋅y<SUP>–1</SUP> in 2007 to 275 (246–304) Tg-CO<SUB>2</SUB>-eq⋅y<SUP>–1</SUP> in 2012. These global warming potential-weighted aggregated emissions agree well with those reported to the UNFCCC throughout this period and indicate that the gap between reported emissions and global HFC emissions derived from atmospheric trends is almost entirely due to emissions from nonreporting countries. However, our measurement-based estimates of individual HFC species suggest that emissions, from reporting countries, of the most abundant HFC, HFC-134a, were only 79% (63–95%) of the UNFCCC inventory total, while other HFC emissions were significantly greater than the reported values. These results suggest that there are inaccuracies in the reporting methods for individual HFCs, which appear to cancel when aggregated together.</P>

TRANS FORM / FEATURE

Penny Lunt 한국데이터베이스진흥원 2003 디지털콘텐츠 Vol.12 No.-

중국의 한 옛날 이야기 중에 어떤 아버지가 자식들에게 막대기를 건네주고 그것을 꺾어보라고 하자, 아들들은 쉽게 막대기를 꺾었다 는 얘기가 있다. 하지만 이어서 그 아버지가 막대기를 다발로 묶어 서 아들들에게 꺾어보라고 하자, 아무도 꺾지 못했다고 한다. 이 이야기는 사람은 무리를 지어서 함께 일할 때 더욱 강하다는 것을 예시한다. 이러한 이야기는 연결되지 않은 몇몇 콘텐츠 저장소 에 따로 존재하는 것보다, 콘텐츠가 한데 모여있을 때 훨씬 유용하 다는 것을 기술하는데도 적용할 수 있다. 시장조사기관인 가트너그룹(코네티컷 스탬퍼드 소재)은 전형적인 미국 기업이 서로 연계되지 않는 35개의 콘텐츠 저장소(예를 들 어 마케팅 웹사이트, 문서 관리 시스템, 클레임 프로세싱 시스템)를 구축했다고 밝혔다.

워크플로우와 BPM의 차이는 무엇인가?

PENNY LUNT 한국데이터베이스진흥원 2004 디지털콘텐츠 Vol.1 No.-

Insights on medical tourism: markets as networks and the role of strong ties

Neil Lunt,진기남,Daniel Horsfall,Johanna Hanefeld 한국사회과학협의회 2014 Korean Social Science Journal Vol.41 No.1

Despite a huge amount of speculation and expectation surrounding medical tourism,hard empirical evidence is only now beginning to emerge. This paper widens the focus ofdiscussion by contrasting two country experiences (UK and Korea) which on the surfaceillustrate the diversity of medical tourism and little else. However, considered more comparatively,the accounts contribute toward wider, albeit tentative, theoretical understandings, andinsights. The paper is drawn from two broad programs of empirical study conducted over threeyears in UK and Korea, respectively. The article is structured in three parts: first, a briefoverview of policy, legislative, and accreditation frameworks that exist to govern medicaltourist flows. Second, we present evidence around flows, demographics, treatment, andmedicaltourism for Korea and UK (both for supply and demand). Third, we examine conceptual andtheoretical implications of this evidence. We argue that viewing medical tourism as a globalmarket is problematic; somemedical touristmarkets are best viewed as networks with long-termexchange relationships; some specific areas of activity do function more strongly as pricerelated;decision making around medical tourismfrequently involves a range of information andsocial networks (economic action as embedded social structure); and medical tourism is afunction of globalization.

The vanishing stent: Repeated fracture and dissolution of nitinol gastric stents in a long term cancer survivor

Christopher Randle Lunt,Pavan Najaran,Derek E. Edwards,Jon K Bell,Damian Mullan,Hans-Ulrich Laasch 소화기인터벤션의학회 2018 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.7 No.2

Nitinol self expandable metal stents are increasingly utilised for malignant obstruction in the proximal gastrointestinal tract. We describe a case in which repeated fracture of proximal duodenal stents with dissolution of the nitinol wire skeleton and covering membranes occurred in a long term cancer survivor. This necessitated placement of 4 stents for symptom control and to allow oral feeding until the patient’s death 20 months after the initial stent was inserted. Fracture of gastric and duodenal stents has rarely been described previously, some incidences of which were considered due to mechanical causes. Dissolution of stent metal skeletons has not previously been recognised in gastroduodenal stents but has been described in an oesophageal stent subject to reflux of gastric content and a biochemical mechanism has been proposed. With modern oncological treatment the prospect of patients outliving their stents is increasing and the need for repeat procedures should form part of the consent process.

고령화시대 영국 국가보건의료서비스(NHS)의 과제와 전망

닐런트 ( Neil Lunt ) 한국보건사회연구원 2017 국제사회보장리뷰 Vol.1 No.-

영국 국가보건의료서비스(NHS)는 "모든 이의 필요를 충족하고, 환자의 지급 능력이 아닌 의료적 필요에 따라 제공하며, 치료 시점을 기준으로 무상으로 제공한다"는 3대 원칙에 의거하여 1948년 설립됐다. 이러한 설립 원칙을 중심으로 NHS는 책무와 기준 강화, 국민을 위한 최고의 가치, 환자중심주의, 조직의 경계를 뛰어넘는 통합 활동 등을 추구해 왔다. 그러나 지난 70년 동안 역학, 기술, 서비스 전달 방식이 크게 발전하였고 인구 구성 이 매우 달라졌다. NHS가 설립됐을 당시만 해도 65세 이전에 사망하는 인구 비율이 48%에 달했으나 현재는 14%에 불과하다 또한 공중보건이 개선되고 현대 의학(제약 및 기술 포함)이 발전하면서 수명이 길어졌지만 합병증, 장애, 쇠약 수준도 높아졌다. 본 논문은 인구고령화에 따른 NHS의 당면 과제와 새로운 정책 및 서비스 전달에 대해 살펴본다.

자산 및 역량 기반 지역사회 이니셔티브: 영국의 사례

닐런트 ( Neil Lunt ) 한국보건사회연구원 2019 국제사회보장리뷰 Vol.11 No.-

사회 개발 및 지역사회 개발에서 자산 및 역량 기반 활동이 기여하는 바에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 자산기반 접근방법은 사람 및 지역사회의 자산 및 그들의 수요에 초점을 둔다. 개인적인 수준에서는 개인 및 지역사회의 결손보다는 강점을 강조하는 평가 및 내용을 수반한다. 이 글에서는 영국 전역에서 진행 중인 여러 이니셔티브를 개괄하고, 이들 이니셔티브가 현지 환경에 자리 잡는 과정에서 직면하는 과제들에 관해 논의하고자 한다. 논의 순서는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지역사회 개발 및 관련 이니셔티브들의 주된 정책적 배경을 개괄한다. 둘째, 이들 이니셔티브의 토대가 되는 가치와 열망에 관해 논의한다. 셋째, 다양한 이니셔티브에 대해 소개한다. 마지막으로 그러한 활동의 향후 발전 방향에 대해 검토한다.

The vanishing stent: Repeated fracture and dissolution of nitinol gastric stents in a long term cancer survivor

Christopher Randle Lunt,Pavan Najaran,Derek E. Edwards,Jon K Bell,Damian Mullan,Hans-Ulrich Laasch 소화기인터벤션의학회 2018 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.7 No.2

Nitinol self expandable metal stents are increasingly utilised for malignant obstruction in the proximal gastrointestinal tract. We describe a case in which repeated fracture of proximal duodenal stents with dissolution of the nitinol wire skeleton and covering membranes occurred in a long term cancer survivor. This necessitated placement of 4 stents for symptom control and to allow oral feeding until the patient’s death 20 months after the initial stent was inserted. Fracture of gastric and duodenal stents has rarely been described previously, some incidences of which were considered due to mechanical causes. Dissolution of stent metal skeletons has not previously been recognised in gastroduodenal stents but has been described in an oesophageal stent subject to reflux of gastric content and a biochemical mechanism has been proposed. With modern oncological treatment the prospect of patients outliving their stents is increasing and the need for repeat procedures should form part of the consent process.

Structural templating of multiple polycrystalline layers in organic photovoltaic cells

Lassiter, Brian E.,Lunt, Richard R.,Renshaw, C. Kyle,Forrest, Stephen R. The Optical Society 2010 Optics express Vol.18 No.suppl3

<P>We demonstrate that organic photovoltaic cell performance is influenced by changes in the crystalline orientation of composite layer structures. A 1.5 nm thick self-organized, polycrystalline template layer of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) orients subsequently deposited layers of a diindenoperylene exciton blocking layer, and the donor, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). Control over the crystalline orientation of the CuPc leads to changes in its frontier energy levels, absorption coefficient, and surface morphology, resulting in an increase of power conversion efficiency at 1 sun from 1.42 ± 0.04% to 2.19 ± 0.05% for a planar heterojunction and from 1.89 ± 0.05% to 2.49 ± 0.03% for a planar-mixed heterojunction.</P>