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Mei Jianming,Liu Yanghuai 아시아경찰학회 2003 아시아경찰학회 국제학술회의 Vol.2003 No.-
Traditionally, political terrorism is viewed as a phenomenon in democratic countries, because most theorists argue that democratic countries are more vulnerable to political terrorism. As a changing authoritarian state, China was exempt from the affliction of terrorism for many years. However, partly as one aftermath of the ""9ㆍ11"", discourse on terrorism becomes active in China. The discourse on terrorism not only refers to terrorism in other countries, but also to China. For many outsiders, it seems unbelievable that there are terrorists in China, especially when we think about points of those who think that the regime of Communist China is a type of state-organized terrorism, or that the ethnic separatism in western China is not terrorism at all. This paper attempts to explore the issues of terrorism in China and to address policy measures against terrorism based on literature collected from public sources.
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Yang, Huai,Liu, Shirong,Li, Yide,Xu, Han Springer Japan 2018 Ecological research Vol.33 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Accurate estimations of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in tropical montane rainforests are critical for assessing the role of tropical forests in influencing global climate change. This research aimed to determine the diurnal variation in soil GHG fluxes and understand the effects of forest canopy gaps on GHG fluxes, and their major controlling factors. The diurnal fluxes of soil carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>), nitrous oxide (N<SUB>2</SUB>O) and methane (CH<SUB>4</SUB>) inside and outside three forest canopy gaps in a tropical montane rainforest were measured with a closed static chamber system in June 2015. The main results are as follows. (1) There was an obvious single‐peak daily variation of soil GHG fluxes. (2) The averaged soil CO<SUB>2</SUB>, N<SUB>2</SUB>O and CH<SUB>4</SUB> fluxes of the whole day were closest to the daily average emission fluxes at 9:00 and 12:00 for CO<SUB>2</SUB>, 6:00 and 9:00 for N<SUB>2</SUB>O, and 9:00 and 12:00 for CH<SUB>4</SUB>, respectively. (3) Soil CO<SUB>2</SUB> and N<SUB>2</SUB>O emissions (positive values) and CH<SUB>4</SUB> uptake (negative values) were higher inside gaps than outside. (4) There were stronger exponential relationships between soil CO<SUB>2</SUB> and N<SUB>2</SUB>O emissions and temperature inside gaps than outside, and there was a stronger quadratic relationship between CH<SUB>4</SUB> uptake and temperature outside gaps than inside. However, significant relationships between soil CO<SUB>2</SUB> (or CH<SUB>4</SUB>) and soil moisture only occurred inside gaps (<I>P</I> < 0.01). There were clear diurnal variations and significant effects of gaps on soil CO<SUB>2</SUB>, N<SUB>2</SUB>O and CH<SUB>4</SUB> fluxes. Our study indicated that understanding the different diurnal variations of soil CO<SUB>2</SUB>, N<SUB>2</SUB>O and CH<SUB>4</SUB> fluxes inside and outside canopy gaps could improve the accurate evaluation of soil GHG fluxes in tropical montane rainforests under a changing climate.</P>
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