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- 저자 : Lenhart, John J. (검색결과 4 건)
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( Adrienne Lenhart ),( Courtney Ferch ),( Michael Shaw ),( William D Chey ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2018 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.24 No.3
Background/Aims Dietary therapy is increasingly used to manage gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We aim to gauge United States gastroenterologists’ perceptions of dietary therapies for IBS. Methods We distributed a 22-question survey to members of the American College of Gastroenterology. The survey was developed by gastroenterologists and survey methodologists. We collected information pertaining to demographics, providers’ interpretation of their patients’ views on dietary therapy, and gastroenterologists’ perceptions on dietary therapy, and nutritional counseling in IBS. Results One thousand five hundred and sixty-two (14%) surveys were collected. Nearly 60% of participants reported that patients commonly associate food with GI symptoms. IBS patients most commonly use a trial and error approach followed by a lactose-free and glutenfree diet, and rarely use a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet on their own. Over half of providers recommend diet therapy to > 75% of IBS patients and most commonly recommend a low FODMAP diet. Only 21% of gastroenterologists commonly refer IBS patients to registered dietitians, and only 30% use GI dietitians. Female providers were more likely than males to recommend dietary changes as the primary mode of therapy (OR, 1.43 [1.09-1.88]; P = 0.009). Conclusions Our national survey identified enthusiasm for diet treatment of IBS. While patients infrequently tried a low FODMAP diet on their own, GI providers commonly recommended this diet. Only a minority of GI providers refer their IBS patients to a registered dietitian for nutrition counseling and few refer patients to dietitians with specialized GI training. Female providers were more enthusiastic about diet therapies than males. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018;24:437-451)
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Eunok Jung,Suzanne Lenhart,Vladimir Protopopescu,Charles F Babbs 한국산업응용수학회 2005 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
Each year, more than 250,000 people die from cardiac arrest in the USA alone. Despite widespread use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the number of patients surviving from cardiac arrest remains low. Indeed, the rate of survival for CPR performed out of the hospital is 3%, while for patients who undergo cardiac arrest in the hospital, the rate of survival is 10-15%. One of the reasons for this situation is that the practical technique of CPR has changed little since the 1960's. The standard and various alternative CPR techniques such as interposed abdominal compression, active compression-decompression, and Lifestick CPR have been represented in various mathematical models [1, 2, 3]. Here, we illustrate our approach on a model of standard CPR, performed manually or by a mechanical device. The goal of this research is to reconsider the traditional CPR technique and to suggest novel strategies for improving it, by using the optimal control methodology. The techniques of optimal control are applied to a validated blood circulation model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by Babbs [1]. In his model, heart and blood vessels are represented as a network of resistance and compliances. Pressures in the chest and in the vascular compliances are computed from difference equations. Blood flows are computed form Ohm's law, accounting for the action of one-way valves in the heart. The circulation model describes the adult human circulation (hemodynamics) and consists of seven difference equations, with time as the discrete underlying variable. As a control input, we choose the pattern of the pressure within the chest. More precisely, this control is actually the forcing pressure developed inside the chest as a result of external compression or decompression by the rescuer. The optimum waveform of this forcing pressure as a function of time was determined from control theory. The optimum waveform maximized systemic perfusion pressure (SPP) between the thoracic aorta and the superior vena cava over a period of 13.3 sec of continuous chest compression. The new aspect in this application is that the control values from the two previous time steps are used to calculate the pressures (state variables) at the current time step. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the optimal control and provide a new CPR strategy, with increased blood flow. The characterization of the optimal control is given in terms of the solutions of the circulation model and of the corresponding adjoint system. The numerical results show a significant increase in the blood flow as compared with standard CPR. We applied optimal control theory to the problem of CPR without any preconceived notions about what the results should be. The fact that optimal control theory found a solution incorporating two strategies already discovered in animal experiments and clinical trials, namely HIC-CPR with high impulse compressions, and ACD-CPR with active compression and decompression of the chest is quite interesting, since no bias toward these particular solutions was included in the problem definition or in the mathematics. The results of this first-ever application of optimal control theory to CPR are interesting-perhaps less so in the exact numerical values of the solution than in the strategy they imply namely the combination of high impulse chest compression with intermittent decompression, as well as the idea that the ratio of compressions to decompressions need not necessarily be 1:1. The high impulse compressions augment forward flow and the active decompressions increase venous return to the pump. Such strategies can be realistically implemented by human rescuers or by non-fatiguing mechanical devices.
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Sujin Bae,John J. Lenhart,Yu Sik Hwang 대한환경공학회 2022 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.27 No.6
An accurate assessment of the fate and transport of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in aquatic environments hinges on developing an understanding of interaction between ENPs and natural colloids. In this study, we investigated the effects of pH and natural organic matter (NOM) on homoaggregation of CeO₂ nanoparticles and their heteroaggregation with montmorillonite clay minerals. Time-resolved dynamic light scattering (TR-DLS) was employed to investigate the aggregation kinetics as function of electrolyte concentration in both homo- and heteroaggregation scenarios. The surface charge of CeO₂ nanoparticles changed from positive to negative with pH increase while montmorillonite was negatively charged over the range of pH 4−11. At low pH, the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of the montmorillonite-CeO₂ mixtures shifted to a lower electrolyte concentration when compared to the homogenous system, indicating the negatively charged montmorillonite reduced the stability of positively charged CeO₂ via heteroaggregation. In contrast, at high pH, the mixtures were stable because both montmorillonite and CeO₂ nanoparticles were negatively charged. The presence of humic acid stabilized the systems against homo- and heteroaggregation. Our results suggest that the complex interactions between ENPs, natural colloids, and NOM should be considered to better understand the fate and transport of ENPs in realistic aquatic environments.
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