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Laborda, Eduardo,Mazagova, Magdalena,Shao, Sida,Wang, Xinxin,Quirino, Herlinda,Woods, Ashley K.,Hampton, Eric N.,Rodgers, David T.,Kim, Chan Hyuk,Schultz, Peter G.,Young, Travis S. MDPI 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.11
<P>The treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with targeted immunotherapy is challenged by the heterogeneity of the disease and a lack of tumor-exclusive antigens. Conventional immunotherapy targets for AML such as CD33 and CD123 have been proposed as targets for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T-cells (CAR-T-cells), a therapy that has been highly successful in the treatment of B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. However, CD33 and CD123 are present on hematopoietic stem cells, and targeting with CAR-T-cells has the potential to elicit long-term myelosuppression. C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL1 or CLEC12A) is a myeloid lineage antigen that is expressed by malignant cells in more than 90% of AML patients. CLL1 is not expressed by healthy Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs), and is therefore a promising target for CAR-T-cell therapy. Here, we describe the development and optimization of an anti-CLL1 CAR-T-cell with potent activity on both AML cell lines and primary patient-derived AML blasts in vitro while sparing healthy HSCs. Furthermore, in a disseminated mouse xenograft model using the CLL1-positive HL60 cell line, these CAR-T-cells completely eradicated tumor, thus supporting CLL1 as a promising target for CAR-T-cells to treat AML while limiting myelosuppressive toxicity.</P>
EFFECTS OF PUBLIC CAPITAL ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY IN SPAIN DURING THE PERIOD 1980-2007
JUSTO DE JORGE MORENO,CESAR CAMISON ZORZONA,JUAN MURO ROMERO,LEOPOLDO LABORDA CASTILLO 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2015 Journal of Economic Development Vol.40 No.4
In line with the existing literature, the main aim of this study is to analyse the effects of public capital on growth in the Spanish regions for the period 1980-2007. The methodology used adopts a parametric approach following the recommendations intended to eliminate the effects of demand and estimate only the medium-term impacts, ultimately eliminating any possible inverse causality relationship. The estimates made put the elasticity of the productivity of labour with respect to the delays in investment in infrastructures at 0.183, while elasticity with respect to private investment stands at 0.294. This means it can be concluded that investment in public capital contributes to increasing productivity by approximately 62 per cent in the Spanish regions as a whole. Meanwhile, the analysis of the convergence of the estimated efficiency levels shows that the least efficient regions have benefited from the technology existing in the regions closest to the efficiency frontier. Finally, some reflections are compiled on the role investment in public capital can play in the context of a crisis like the current one, together with other pillars incorporated into the debate, such as fiscal consolidation and structural reforms.