Speaking Stella and Silent Astrophil : An Unstable Gender Paradigm in Astrophil and Stella

( Bae¸ Kyung-jin ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2015 영어권문화연구 Vol.8 No.3

The first English sonnet sequence, Astrophil and Stella (1591) by Philip Sidney (1554-1586), has been traditionally considered to embody a powerful sense of subjective presence and philosophical trappings in relations to love and desire. Traditional literary criticism has long been preoccupied with the poet as a desiring subject in the Renaissance love lyrics while the beloved lady is passively and silently represented by a male voice. In her traditional idealization, bordering at times on idolatry, the beloved lady is in fact reduced to silence, which was the most virtuous ideal of feminine decorum in Elizabethan period. In search of the previously hidden or overlooked female voices, this study aims to reexamine the typically gendered paradigm in Sidney's sonnet sequence between a silent female beloved lady and a speaking male poet-lover. Although the Petrarchan mistress is sometimes silenced, in some significant cases she is not. Not only does Stella speak, but the power and significance of her speech are also found at several points in the sequence. It is notable that Stella's voice is represented equal to Astrophil's own. Being a proxy for the representation of the male poet-lover's self, and therefore assigned a silent and iconic function, she occasionally plays an active role, while the male poet is passive and silent. In front of Stella's authoritative and virtuous speech, Astrophil is presented helpless, passive and silent. Though the Eighth song offers Stella's most frank and first person description of her desire for Astrophil, she denies Astrophil. Facing her refusal, Astrophil turns to looking inward in his dark, private and silent state. The last sonnet is overtly artificial and conventional with its Petrarchan metaphors and sentiments and reveals a sense of inability: confined within a convention and unable to say anything else. Stella is enforced to silence but on occasion she repels Astrophil in her speaking in contrast with a passive, helpless and most of all silent Astrophil.

핀-관 가스쿨러에서 열교환기 구성에 따른 성능 비교

배경진(Kyungjin Bae),신은성(Eunsung shin),홍명석(Myung-suk Hong),조홍현(Honghyun Cho) 대한설비공학회 2009 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.-

Since the operating pressure of CO₂ gascooler is so high compared with that of previous subcritical condenser, the optimization of gascooler is needed for improve heat exchanger performance. In this study, the performance characteristics of five kinds of heat exchangers were analyzed and compared with operating conditions. As a result, the 4-20 HX-tube shows the maximum gascooler capacity because the heat transfer is effective and pressure drop is small. Beside, the high performance of 4-20 HX-tube could be keep for wide operating condition.

다니엘 디포의 『선장 싱글턴』: 잔인한 해적과 "양심적인" 제국주의 주체의 등장

배경진 ( Kyungjin Bae ) 한국18세기영문학회 2015 18세기영문학 Vol.12 No.1

It was during the golden age of piracy from 1650 to 1730 that pirates -whether they were called buccaneers, privateers, rovers or otherwise- were ruthless in their pursuit of profit. At the end of the golden age, Daniel Defoe published the novel Captain Singleton (1720). Intriguingly, his vast knowledge on piracy, which was demonstrated clearly in his other novels and prose, kept the novel far from the cruel and inhumane scenes of piracy. In this paper, I argue that the absence of specific descriptions on piracy was intended to justify contemporary commerce and trade as a legitimate pursuit of wealth and examine Alexander Exquemelin’s The Buccaneers of America (1684) to show that depictions of cruel scenes, which guarantee the authenticity of his writing, leave him vulnerable to criticism against his involvement in piracy. In the novel, Defoe attributes contradiction and cruelty to piracy, exposing the satirical or comical distance from pirates. He does not depict scenes of inhumane violence and cruelty by Singleton and his gang but rather takes pains to describe pirates as inferior traders. In other words, they aim to get more money but have no clear idea of how to maximize profit. Right after the pirates, like traders, appear to pursue interests with economic consideration of their actions, Defoe begins to describe Singleton’s religious repentance and attempted to reconcile the social convention with piracy. More important is not the ending but rather the way of understanding piracy: Implicit in rendering pirates as inferior traders is his support of legitimate trade. While removing atrocities from pirates and placing them adjacent to traders, Defoe indirectly glorifies imperialistic commerce as a legitimate pursuit of wealth.

이산화탄소 사이클에서 열교환기의 형태 변화에 따른 성능특성 비교

배경진(Kyungjin Bae),조홍현(Honghyun Cho) 대한설비공학회 2010 설비공학 논문집 Vol.22 No.10

The theoretical analysis of performance characteristics in a CO₂ cycle with the heat exchanger type was carried out. The size and performance of the fin-tube and microchannel heat exchanger were compared with operating conditions. As a result, the performance of the fin-tube gascooler and evaporator were more sensitive to the variation of operating condition compared to that of the microchannel gascooler and evaporator. Beside, the sizes of microchannel gascooler and evaporator could be decreased by 73% and 76%, respectively, compared to those of the fin-tube type gascooler and evaporator with the similar capacity. The COP and reliability of the CO₂ system can be increased by using a microchannel heat exchanger.

운전조건 변화가 고온재생기의 성능에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

배경진(Kyungjin Bae),곽명석(Myoungseok Kwak),조홍현(Honghyun Cho) 대한기계학회 2014 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.38 No.5

흡수식 냉온수기는 자연에 있는 냉매를 사용함으로 인해 환경오염이 매우 적어 친환경적이다. 흡수식 냉온수기에서 고효율의 배기가스용 고온재생기는 높은 시스템 성능을 얻기 위한 중요한 요소중에 하나이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 운전조건에 따른 흡수식 냉온수기의 배기가스용 고온재생기의 성능을 파악하기 위해 실험장치를 제작하고 실험을 실시하였다. 배기가스용 고온재생기에서 흡수액의 입구상태는 성능변화에 매우 큰 영향을 줌으로 여러 가지 흡수액 농도 조건에서 공기측 입구온도와 질량유량을 변화시켜가면서 고온재생기의 성능을 고찰하였다. 실험결과, 공기측 질량유량비가 80%에서 120%로 증가할 때 흡수액 농도가 56%, 55%, 54%, 53%에서의 열교환량은 각각 30%, 33%, 34%, 37% 정도 증가하였다. 또한 고온재생기의 흡수액 입구농도가 56%, 55%, 54%, 53% 일 때 공기측 입구온도가 170℃에서 210℃로 증가함에 따라 고온재생기의 열교환량은 각각 140%, 160%, 220%, 224% 정도 증가하였다. An absorption chiller-heater using only a natural refrigerant hardly causes any environmental pollution. In an absorption chiller-heater, the performance of its high-temperature generator, which uses exhaust gases, is essential to achieving superior system performance. To investigate the performance of such a high-temperature generator, a laboratory-scale high-temperature generator working with exhaust gases was designed and tested. Changes in the performance of the high-temperature generator as a function of inlet conditions of the absorbing solution, such as air inlet temperature and mass flow, were investigated. It was observed that when the air mass flow rate ratio was increased from 80% to 120%, the heat capacity was increased by 30%, 33%, 34%, and 37%, respectively. Additionally, when the air inlet temperature was elevated from 170°C to 210°C for absorption solution concentrations of 56%, 55%, 545, and 53%, the heat capacity increased by 140%, 160%, 220%, and 224%, respectively.

성능 예측 상관식에 따른 쉐브론 형태 판형 열교환기 성능 특성 비교

배경진(Kyungjin Bae),안성국(Sungkuk An),조현욱(Hyunuk Cho),남상철(Sangchul Nam),조홍현(Honghyun Cho) 대한설비공학회 2011 설비공학 논문집 Vol.23 No.8

The performance of a plate heat exchanger for using liquid solution in the absorption chiller-heater was analyzed. The model was developed by using the various performance prediction correlations. The performance characteristics of the plate heat exchanger with the mass flow rate ratio was verified by using experimental data. To investigate performance of plate heat exchanger with geometry variables, the chevron angle, corrugated wave length, and corrugation depth were changed. As a result, the capacity of Kim and Martin correlation models was similar with the experimental data, and the capacity difference was less than 2%. Besides, the pressure drop of Marin correlation model showed a similar variation with experimental data, and the difference of pressure drop was less than 1.5 ㎪.

English Virtue and Chinese Vice: Defoe’s Pursuit of Englishness in The Farther Adventure of Robinson Crusoe

배경진 ( Kyungjin Bae ) 현대영미어문학회 2018 현대영미어문학회 추계학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.-

챗봇을 활용한 자동논평기계 개발모델 연구

배경진 ( Kyungjin Bae ) 현대영미어문학회 2019 현대영미어문학회 추계학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.-

This paper proposes a simple way of developing an automated feedback system with a chatbot. Undeniably an automated feedback system, if short notes on discussion topics are required to submit regularly in literature courses, would help students to get proper feedback immediately and enhance their writing and debating skills, and allow instructors to spare time and efforts for more productive class activities. Creating a customized feedback system for in-class discussion, which was unimaginable to those without a deep understanding of natural language processing, is now possible if a chatbot, easily built on several online development platforms, serves to make significant responses to each sentence of discussion notes that a virtual server sends. While showing how to make a chatbot with two questions from Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, this paper examines the accuracy of the feedback system with a brief discussion of technical problems.

열교환기 형태에 따른 이산화탄소용 가스쿨러와 증발기의 성능비교

배경진(Kyungjin Bae),조홍현(Honghyun Cho) 한국지열·수열에너지학회 2010 한국지열에너지학회논문집 Vol.6 No.2

The natural refrigerants have used into HVAC equipments because the CFCs and HFCs have some environmental problems like high ODP and GWP. The carbon dioxide has small effect on the environmental problem but also good thermodynamics properties. In this study, the simulation study on the performance and characteristics of a CO₂ gascooler and evaporator using a fin-tube and microchannel heat exchanger has been conducted.. Besides, the comparison of performance with operating condition was carried out in order to apply to the CO₂ heat pump system. As a result, the front sizes of a gascooler and evaporator using a microchannel were decreased by 63% and 58%, respectively, compared to those using a fin-tube. The performance of the fin-tube gascooler and evaporator were more responsive to the variation of operating conditions compared to that of microchannel. The pressure drop of a fin-tube heat exchanger was higher than that of a microchannel one.

『프랑켄슈타인』 : 공감, 공동체, 서사

배경진 ( Bae Kyungjin ) 영미문학연구회 2018 안과 밖 Vol.0 No.45

This paper, commemorating the 200th anniversary of the publication of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, raises a crucial question on the nature of sympathy. Describing Frankenstein’s failure to feel humane feelings for the Creature, Shelley exposes the limitations of eighteenth-century theories on sympathy. But she does not abandon but reformulates sympathy because she takes it as an indispensible condition for an ideal community: absence of sympathy, intertwined with social prejudice on class and gender, brands Justin Moritz as an ungrateful murderer, and Frankenstein’s complete disregard for the monster ends up with an unexpected catastrophe. Showing that the De Laceys, portrayed as a model of virtue, cannot welcome the monster, she examines what should be needed more to show sympathy for the Other, and exemplifies an ethical approach to the Other through Robert Walton’s silent sympathy for the undeniable presence of pain in the Creature’s miseries.