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- 저자 : Kulk, (검색결과 2 건)
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The IL-1 family member 7b translocates to the nucleus and down-regulates proinflammatory cytokines.
Sharma, Sheetal,Kulk, Nicole,Nold, Marcel F,Grä,f, Ralph,Kim, Soo-Hyun,Reinhardt, Dietrich,Dinarello, Charles A,Bufler, Philip Williams Wilkins 2008 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.180 No.8
<P>The IL-1 family member 7b (IL-1F7b) is a novel homolog of the IL-1 cytokine family discovered by computational cloning. We have reported that IL-1F7b shares critical amino acid residues with IL-18 and binds the IL-18-binding protein; in doing so, IL-1F7b augments the inhibition of IFN-gamma by the IL-18-binding protein. IL-1F7b also binds IL-18Ralpha but neither induces signal nor acts as a receptor antagonist. Hence, the function of IL-1F7b remains unknown. In the present study, we analyzed the intracellular expression pattern of IL-1F7b. Using two variants of GFP fusion constructs of human IL-1F7b stably expressed in RAW macrophages, only the postcleavage mature form of the IL-1F7b precursor-but not the N-terminal propiece-specifically translocates to the nucleus following LPS stimulation. IL-1F7b, like IL-1beta, IL-18, and IL-33, is processed by caspase-1 to generate the mature cytokines. Therefore, we tested whether caspase-1-mediated cleavage of the IL-1F7b precursor is required for mature IL-1F7b to translocate actively into the nucleus. Indeed, a specific caspase-1 inhibitor markedly reduced nuclear entry of IL-1F7b. In stable transfectants of human IL-1F7b in RAW macrophages stimulated with LPS, levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-6, as well as the chemokine MIP-2, were substantially reduced (72-98%) compared with LPS-stimulated cells transfected with the empty plasmid. These results demonstrate that IL-1F7b translocates to the nucleus after caspase-1 processing and may act as a transcriptional modulator reducing the production of LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokines, consistent with IL-1F7b being an anti-inflammatory member of the IL-1 family.</P>
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Woo-Jin Byun,Bong-Su Kim,Kwang Seon Kim,Myung-Sun Song,Ki-Chan Eun,Reinhard Kulke,Olaf Kersten,Gregor Möllenbeck,Matthias Ritttweger 한국전자통신연구원 2010 ETRI Journal Vol.32 No.2
A new vertical transition between a substrate integrated waveguide in a low-temperature co-fired ceramic substrate and an air-filled standard waveguide is proposed in this paper. A rectangular cavity resonator with closely spaced metallic vias is designed to connect the substrate integrated waveguide to the standard air-filled waveguide. Physical characteristics of an air-filled WR-22 to WR-22 transition are compared with those of the proposed transition. Simulation and experiment demonstrate that the proposed transition shows a −1.3 dB insertion loss and 6.2 GHz bandwidth with a 10 dB return loss for the back-to-back module. A 40 GHz low-temperature co-fired ceramic module with the proposed vertical transition is also implemented. The implemented module is very compact, measuring 57 mm × 28 mm × 3.3 mm.
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