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China’s Human Resources Aid to Africa:
Kenneth King 국제개발협력학회 2011 국제개발협력연구 Vol.3 No.2
본 연구에서는 공적개발원조로서 아프리카에 대한 중국의 인적자원 개발(Human Resource Development) 사업을 핵심적인 몇 가지 양상을 통해 검토하고 있다. 이는 중국 내에서의 아프리카인들에 대한 장단기 교육, 공자 학원, 자립 프로젝트, 그리고 기업기반 훈련 등을 포함한다. 또한 OECD의 전통적인 공여국 원조의 담론과 실재의 차이를 분석하고 있으며 동시에 중국의 인적자원 개발을 지지하는 다른 공여국들에 대한 함의를 정리하고 있다.
Kenneth King 서울대학교 교육연구소 2019 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.20 No.2
There has been a long tradition of demonstrating formal education’s direct relationship with many dimensions of development, including increased productivity, health, reduced mortality, population control etc. There has also been a literature looking particularly at the ‘democratic dividend’ from education, both through the lens of global citizenship as well as more generally through education’s infuence on political participation. The successful securing of global citizenship education (GCE) within the ambitions of Sustainable Development Goal 4.7 in September 2015 was a further milestone in connecting social development with ‘democracy, good governance and the rule of law’. Accordingly, there are many telling examples of how GCE can be rolled out in school curricula, through many diferent school subjects, across the world. Arguably, however, the formal school system is far from being the only location where messages about citizenship, whether global, national or local, can be found. During the period, 2016–2019 in the USA and UK, with the huge rise in smart-phone usage world-wide, it has become apparent that there can be massive micro-targeting, through global platforms, of selected populations with multiple messages about citizenship, national identity, job security, migration threats, potential terrorism and a great deal else. Unlike the citizenship curricula and textbooks of formal schools which are easily accessible, a great deal of this new social media messaging is relatively inaccessible, using procedures that are a long way from traditional electioneering. They are also much less fnancially accountable, but it is clear that vast sums are now being spent on social media advertising, presenting an existential threat to democracy. The role and level of education in reacting critically to social media campaigning will need to be revisited in this new world of campaigning around global and national citizenship. It is no longer a discussion about education’s positive relationship with increased political participation, but whether current education levels are actually capable of dealing with the current threats to citizenship, at global, national and local levels.
Interaction of Rare Earth Chloride Salts to Alumina and Mullite in LiCl-KCl at 773 K
Horvath, David,Warmann, Stephen,King, James,Marsden, Kenneth,Hoover, Robert Korean Radioactive Waste Society 2020 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.18 No.3
Two commonly used ceramics in molten salt research are alumina and mullite. The two ceramics were exposed to a combination of rare earth chlorides (YCl<sub>3</sub>, SmCl<sub>3</sub>, NdCl<sub>3</sub>, PrCl<sub>3</sub>, and CeCl<sub>3</sub>; each rare earth chloride of 1.8 weight percent) in LiCl-KCl at 773 K for approximately 13 days. Scanning electron microscopy with wave dispersion spectra was utilized to investigate a formation layer or deposition of rare earths onto the ceramic. Only the major constituents of the ceramics (Al, Si, and O<sub>2</sub>) were observed during the wave dispersion spectra. X-ray fluorescence was used as well to determine concentration changes in the molten salt as a function of ceramic exposure time. This study shows no evidence of ionic exchange or layer formation between the ceramics and molten chloride salt mixture. There are signs of surface tension effects of molten salt moving out of the tantalum crucible into secondary containment.
Association of a functional variant downstream of TNFAIP3 with systemic lupus erythematosus
Adrianto, Indra,Wen, Feng,Templeton, Amanda,Wiley, Graham,King, Jarrod B,Lessard, Christopher J,Bates, Jared S,Hu, Yanqing,Kelly, Jennifer A,Kaufman, Kenneth M,Guthridge, Joel M,Alarc처n-Riquelme, Mart Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2011 Nature genetics Vol.43 No.3
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, MIM152700) is an autoimmune disease characterized by self-reactive antibodies resulting in systemic inflammation and organ failure. TNFAIP3, encoding the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20, is an established susceptibility locus for SLE. By fine mapping and genomic re-sequencing in ethnically diverse populations, we fully characterized the TNFAIP3 risk haplotype and identified a TT>A polymorphic dinucleotide (deletion T followed by a T to A transversion) associated with SLE in subjects of European (P = 1.58 ? 10<SUP>??8</SUP>, odds ratio = 1.70) and Korean (P = 8.33 ? 10<SUP>??10</SUP>, odds ratio = 2.54) ancestry. This variant, located in a region of high conservation and regulatory potential, bound a nuclear protein complex composed of NF-觀B subunits with reduced avidity. Further, compared with the non-risk haplotype, the haplotype carrying this variant resulted in reduced TNFAIP3 mRNA and A20 protein expression. These results establish this TT>A variant as the most likely functional polymorphism responsible for the association between TNFAIP3 and SLE.