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Effect of ammonia treatment on white birch wood
Yamashita, Daichi,Kimura, Satoshi,Wada, Masahisa,Samejima, Masahiro,Takabe, Keiji Walter de Gruyter und Co 2018 Holzforschung Vol.72 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Transverse sections of white birch (<I>Betula platyphylla</I>) were treated with anhydrous ammonia at 60-140°C (ammonia treatment, AT). As a result, the crystal structure of cellulose in the AT samples changed to cellulose III<SUB>I</SUB>, and acetamide was produced. The surface area of the AT samples, the amount of sugar released upon acid hydrolysis and the lignin content were not changed. However, a small amount of lignin became acid soluble. Mäule color reaction, indicative of the presence of syringyl lignin, showed decreasing color intensities with increasing temperature of AT. The results can be easily interpreted that AT affects ester linkages and side chains of hemicelluloses and syringyl lignin. In addition, AT was carried out on 1-μm thick transverse sections and block specimens. Xylanase treatment and immunolabeling revealed that AT enhances xylan degradation, but ray cells are resistant to xylanase even after AT. On the block sample, a deposited xylan layer appeared on the inner surface of fiber cell walls. Apparently, xylan moved to the surface in contact with the fluid ammonia during AT. The vessel cell wall did not show a similar migration effect, indicating a cell wall-specific interaction with ammonia.</P>
Yamashita, Daichi,Kimura, Satoshi,Wada, Masahisa,Takabe, Keiji Springer-Verlag 2016 Journal of wood science Vol.62 No.2
<P>The traditional Maule color reaction was improved by use of tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane-hydrochloride acid (Tris-HCl) buffer coupled with a fluorescence microscope. The purple-red color of Maule-treated hardwood was more stable with the novel treatment than with traditional treatment. In addition, Maule-treated wood samples had a characteristic fluorescence when excited with blue (460-495 nm) light. Examination of white birch (Betula platyphylla) showed that syringyl-rich and guaiacyl-rich cell walls emitted red and yellow fluorescence, respectively. Measuring the fluorescence spectra of hardwood and softwood powders after treatment with the new Maule reagents showed that hardwood powder containing syringyl lignin emitted a red fluorescence, whereas softwood powder containing guaiacyl lignin emitted a green fluorescence when excited with blue light. In conclusion, this improved technique has many advantages compared with the traditional Maule color test.</P>
Development of a Simulation System for the Spread of Northern Hemisphere Forest Fires
Wataru Uema,Satoshi Endo,Yuhei Akamine,Keiji Kimura,Toshihisa Honma 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
In this research, we propose a method to search appropriate parameters to target are ausing the genetical gorithm for forest fire simulation. We have found that the search performance can begreatly changed depending on the characteristic of input data from experiments using test data sets.
Emi Ishikawa,Takayuki Hojo,Makiko Shibuya,Takahito Teshirogi,Keiji Hashimoto,Yukifumi Kimura,Toshiaki Fujisawa 대한치과마취과학회 2023 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.23 No.1
Background: A high incidence (40–73%) of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has been reported following orthognathic surgery, and various risk factors have been associated with it. Identifying PONV risk factors based on initial onset time will help establish preventive measures. This study aimed to identify factors that are significantly related to PONV based on the initial onset time after orthognathic surgery. Methods: This study included 590 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors that are significantly related to PONV. The objective variables were classified into three categories: no PONV, early PONV (initial onset time: 0–2 h after anesthesia), and late PONV (initial onset time: 2–24 h after anesthesia). The explanatory variables included relevant risk factors for PONV, as considered in previous studies. Results: Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol was a significant depressant factor for early PONV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.340, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.209–0.555) and late PONV (aOR = 0.535, 95% CI = 0.352–0.814). The administration of a combination of intraoperative antiemetics (vs. no administration) significantly reduced the risk of early PONV (aOR = 0.464, 95% CI = 0.230–0.961). Female sex and young age were significant risk factors for late PONV (aOR = 1.492, 95% CI = 1.170–1.925 and unit aOR = 1.033, 95% CI = 1.010–1.057, respectively). Conclusion: We identified factors that are significantly related to PONV based on the initial onset time after orthognathic surgery. Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol significantly reduced the risk of PONV not only in the early period (0–2 h after anesthesia) but also in the late period (2–24 h after anesthesia).