A Pilot Study of Open Label Sesame Oil in Hypertensive Diabetics

D. Sankar,M. Ramakrishna Rao,G. Sambandam,K.V. Pugalendi 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Journal of medicinal food Vol.9 No.3

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sesame oil in hypertensive diabetics medicated withatenolol (.-blocker) and glibenclamide (sulfonylurea). This open label trial with two intervention periods comprised 22 maleand 18 female patients, 4565 years old, with mild to moderate hypertension and diabetes. Sesame oil (Idhayam Gingelly™oil, V.V.V. & Sons, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India) was supplied to the patients, who were instructed to use it in place ofother cooking oils for 45 days. Blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements, plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), lipid profiles [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein choles-terol, and triglycerides (TG)], lipid peroxidation [thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)], electrolytes (sodium, potas-sium, and chloride), and enzymic (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) and nonenzymic (vitamin C,vitamin E, .-carotene, and reduced glutathione) antioxidants were measured at baseline and after 45 days of sesame oil sub-stitution. The same patients were then switched over to other oils like palm or groundnut oils as their regular oils at randomfor another 45 days, and the investigations were carried out again at the end. Systolic and diastolic BP decreased remarkably.When oil substitution was withdrawn, BP values rose again. Body weight, body mass index, girth of waist, girth of hip, andwaist:hip ratio were reduced upon substitution of sesame oil. Plasma glucose, HbA1c, TC, LDL-C, and TG were decreased.TBARS level was reduced, while the activities of enzymic and the levels of nonenzymic antioxidants were increased. Plasmasodium levels were reduced, while potassium levels were elevated. These results indicate that substitution of sesame oil asthe sole edible oil has an additive effect in further lowering BP and plasma glucose in hypertensive diabetics.

Influence of Sesame Oil on Blood Glucose, Lipid Peroxidation, and Antioxidant Status in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

K.V. Pugalendi,B. Ramesh,R. Saravanan 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.3

The present study was carried out to assess the influence of sesame oil on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation,and status of antioxidants in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult female albino Wis-tar rats weighing 180200 g by administration of STZ (40 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitonially. Both normal and diabeticrats were fed with a commercial diet containing 2% oil supplemented with 6% sesame oil for 42 days. Diabetic rats had el-evated levels of blood glucose (322.61. 9.49 mg/dL), glycosylated hemoglobin, vitamin E, thiobarbituric acid-reactive sub-stances (TBARS), and lipid hydroperoxides and decreased levels of hemoglobin, vitamin C, and reduced glutathione (GSH).An increase in glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities and a decrease in hexokinase activity wereobserved in liver and kidney tissues. When diabetic rats fed with sesame oil were compared with diabetic rats, a significantreduction in levels of blood glucose (222.02. 8.27 mg/dL), glycosylated hemoglobin, TBARS, and lipid hydroperoxides andglucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities and an elevation in hemoglobin, vitamin E, and GSH levelsand hexokinase activity were observed. Thus, sesame oil consumption influences beneficially the blood glucose, glycosylatedhemoglobin, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant levels in diabetic rats.

Influence of Piper betle on Hepatic Marker Enzymes and Tissue Antioxidant Status in Ethanol-Treated Wistar Rats

K.V. Pugalendi,R. Saravanan,A. Prakasam,B. Ramesh 한국식품영양과학회 2002 Journal of medicinal food Vol.5 No.4

Piper betle L. is a commonly used masticatory in Asia. This study was carried out to investi-gate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of P. betle,using ethanol intoxication asa model of hepatoxic and oxidative damage. Ethanol-treated rats exhibited elevation of he-patic marker enzymes and disturbances in antioxidant defense when compared with normalrats. Oral administration of P. betle extract (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg body weight) for 30 dayssignificantly (P , .05) decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and lipid hydroperoxides in ethanoltreated rats. The extract also improved the tissue antioxidant status by increasing the levelsof nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E) and the activ-ities of free radical detoxifying enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glu-tathione peroxidase in liver and kidney of ethanol-treated rats. The highest dose of P. betleextract (30 mg/kg body weight) was most effective. The results were comparable with theknown hepatoprotective drug, silymarin. These results indicate that P. betle could afford asignificant hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect.197

Antihyperglycemic Activity of Piper betle Leaf on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

K.V. Pugalendi,P. Santhakumari,A. Prakasam 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Journal of medicinal food Vol.9 No.1

Piper betle, an indigenous medicinal plant, has a folk (Siddha and Ayurvedha) reputation in the rural south-ern India. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of P. betleon glucose metabolism since it is consumed asbetel-quid after meals. Plasma levels of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and activities of liver hexokinase and gluco-neogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in control and streptozotocin (STZ) dia-betic rats were assayed. Oral administration of leaf suspension of P. betle (75 and 150 mg/kg of body weight) for 30 days re-sulted in significant reduction in blood glucose (from 205.00. 10.80 mg/dL to 151.30. 6.53 mg/dL) and glycosylatedhemoglobin and decreased activities of liver glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, while liver hexokinaseincreased (P. .05), in STZ diabetic rats when compared with untreated diabetic rats. P. betleat a dose of 75 mg/kg of bodyweight exhibited better sugar reduction than 150 mg/kg of body weight. In addition, protection against body weight loss ofdiabetic animals was also observed. The effects produced by P. betlewere compared with the standard drug glibenclamide.Thus, the present study clearly shows that P. betle intake influences glucose metabolism beneficially.

Effect of Piper betle Leaf Extract on Alcoholic Toxicity in the Rat Brain

K.V. Pugalendi,R. Saravanan,N. Rajendra Prasad 한국식품영양과학회 2003 Journal of medicinal food Vol.6 No.3

The protective effect of Piper betle, a commonly used masticatory, has been examined in the brain of ethanol-administered Wistar rats. Brain of ethanol-treated rats exhibited increased levels of lipids, lipid peroxidation, and disturbancesin antioxidant defense. Subsequent to the experimental induction of toxicity (i.e., the initial period of 30 days), aqueous P.betleextract was simultaneously administered in three different doses (100, 200, and 300 mg kg2 1) for 30 days along withthe daily dose of alcohol. P. betlecoadministration resulted in significant reduction of lipid levels (free fatty acids, choles-terol, and phospholipids) and lipid peroxidation markers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxides.Further, antioxidants, like reduced glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione perox-idase, were increased in P. betle-coadministered rats. The higher dose of extract (30 mg kg 2 1) was more effective, and theseresults indicate the neuroprotective effect of P. betlein ethanol-treated rats.

Antihyperglycemic Effect of Umbelliferone in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats

B. Ramesh,K.V. Pugalendi 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Journal of medicinal food Vol.9 No.4

The present study was designed to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of Umbelliferone (UMB) in nor-mal and streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male albino rats of the Wistar strain, weighing180200 g, by administration of STZ (40 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitoneally. Diabetic rats showed an increase in lev-els of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and activities of gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phos-phatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and a decrease in levels of plasma insulin, hemoglobin (Hb), and liver glycogen andactivities of glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Intraperitoneal administration of UMB (10, 20, and 30mg/kg of body weight) and glibenclamide (600 .g/kg of body weight) in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide dissolved in water, for 45days, produced significantly decreased levels of blood glucose and HbA1c and activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and fruc-tose-1,6-bisphosphatase, while elevating levels of plasma insulin, Hb, and liver glycogen and activities of glucokinase andglucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to near normal levels in STZ-diabetic rats when compared with normal control rats. Nor-mal rats treated with UMB (30 mg/kg of body weight) also showed a significant effect on glycemic control. Thus, our resultsshow that UMB at 30 mg/kg of body weight possesses a promising antihyperglycemic effect that is comparable with gliben-clamide.