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Frederick Sarpong,Cunshan Zhou,Junwen Bai,Leticia Peace Amenorfe,Moses Kwaku Golly,Haile Ma 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.1
Drying and b-carotenes retention kinetics werepredicted using models in relative humidity (RH) dryingcondition. This was achieved by drying carrot slices usingRH-convective hot-air dryer at 60, 70 and 80 C under RH(10% 20% and 30%) conditions at 2.0 m/s air velocity. Three mathematical models describing thin layer werecompared to their goodness of fit in terms of coefficient ofcorrelation (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) andreduced Chi square (v2). The Wang and Singh model couldsatisfactorily describe RH-convective drying of carrot sliceswith R2, RMSE and v2 in the ranges of 0.996–0.999,5.4 9 10-4–9.4 9 10-4 and 0.0150–0.03353 respectively. The results reveal that a range of 3.61–8.2% retention of bcarotenewas observed for every 10% increase in RH invarious drying air temperature. In summary, higher temperatureswere mainly responsible for b-carotenes degradationhowever this can be mitigated when drying isconducted under higher RH.
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Sun Xiang,Zhang Bo,Xu Guangjian,Chen Junwen,Shang Yongpeng,Lin Zhiwei,Yu Zhijian,Zheng Jinxin,Bai Bing 대한진단검사의학회 2021 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.41 No.3
Background: Tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline are recently developed tetracyclines. Susceptibility of microbes to these tetracyclines and their molecular mechanisms have not been well elucidated. We investigated the susceptibility of Moraxella catarrhalis to tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline and its resistance mechanisms against these tetracyclines. Methods: A total of 207 non-duplicate M. catarrhalis isolates were collected from different inpatients. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the tetracyclines were determined by broth microdilution. Tigecycline-, eravacycline-, or omadacycline-resistant isolates were induced under in vitro pressure. The tet genes and mutations in the 16S rRNA was detected by PCR and sequencing. Results: Eravacycline had a lower MIC50 (0.06 mg/L) than tigecycline (0.125 mg/L) or omadacycline (0.125 mg/L) against M. catarrhalis isolates. We found that 136 isolates (65.7%) had the tetB gene, and 15 (7.2%) isolates were positive for tetL; however, their presence was not correlated with high tigecycline, eravacycline, or omadacycline (≥1 mg/L) MICs. Compared with the initial MIC after 160 days of induction, the MICs of tigecycline or eravacycline against three M. catarrhalis isolates increased ≥eight-fold, while those of omadacycline against two M. catarrhalis isolates increased 64-fold. Mutations in the 16S rRNA genes (C1036T and/or G460A) were observed in omadacycline-induced resistant isolates, and increased RR (the genes encoding 16SrRNA (four copies, RR1-RR4) copy number of 16S rRNA genes with mutations was associated with increased resistance to omadacycline. Conclusions: Tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline exhibited robust antimicrobial effects against M. catarrhalis. Mutations in the 16S rRNA genes contributed to omadacycline resistance in M. catarrhalis.
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