북미지역주민(北美地域住民)의 사상체질(四象體質) 분포(分布)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

Koh, Byung-hee,Kim, Seon-ho,Park, Byung-gwan,Lavelle, Jonathan D,Tecun, Marianne,Anthony Jr., Ross,Hobbs, Ron,Zolli, Frank,Chin, Kyung-hee 사상체질의학회 1999 사상체질의학회지 Vol.11 No.2

In spite of recent remarkable recent development in both western and oriental medical sciences, there is still only a shallow understanding of individual differences for various prognoses of incurable diseases and immunopathy diseases. Nevertheless, the care, cure and prevention methods of Sasang Constitutional Medicine are broadly used as an effective treatment of incurable diseases like immunopathy diseases and stress-related diseases and diseases due to aging. In this sense, the establishment of classification norms is urgent and essential for the worldwide application of Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). This study began with the confirmation process of whether Sasang Constitutional types exist in Americans. To accomodate for cultural differences, the distinguishing tool was readjusted so that Sasang Constitutional Types in Americans could be determined. Hence, the selected tool is the new QSCCII+, which is a newly revised English version of the QSCCII. QSCCII was made and standardized by Dept. of SCM in Kyung Hee Medical Center and Dr. Kim7). The evaluation methods of the old version were improved in the new QSCCII+ through necessary statistical manipulation. The original QSCCII was officially authorized by the Korean Society of Sasang Constitutional Medicine as the only computerized version of Sasang diagnostics. This study is the first attempt to design a new diagnostic tool for the classification of Sasang Constitutional types in North Americans with the revision of QSCCII. The subjects of this study were selected from the cooperative people among the students and staffs of the University of Bridgeport and the patients who visited the Clinic in the Health Science Center. This study takes for about 1 year from 1998. 8 to 1999. 8 The conclusions of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. Sasang constitutional types also exist in Americans. It can also naturally be inferred that Sasang Constitutional types exist in all human beings, for there are many different human races in America. 2. There are more So-Yang In's than any other types in American white people. This result confirms the hypothesis that there also exist Sasang Constitutional types in westerners. 3. The result of repetitive tests suggests that the new QSCCII+ is an effective diagnostic tool for westerners when we consider the constant diagnostic results of the QSCCII+. 4. Sasang Constitutional types exit in the sample group regardless of racial difference. 5. The question items that were not often checked by Americans need to be modified into more understandable expressions. 6. The standardization of diagnosis for Americans should be established by use of the QSCCII+ 7. It can be guessed that there are many Tae-yang In's among the 71 persons who could not be clearly classified by the QSCCII+. Due to the scarcity of Tae-yang-In in general, it is important to improve upon the discernability of the QSCC II+. 8. The results of the Sasang Constitutional distribution in North Americans are as follows: The percentage of So-yang In distribution in the sample group is 36.25%(87persons), that of Tae-eum In is 13.75%(33persons), and that of So-eum In is 20.41%(49persons). 동(東) 서양의학(西洋醫學)이 여러 방면(方面)으로 눈부시게 발전(發展)해 왔음에도 불구(不拘)하고 동일질병(同一疾病)에 대한 약(藥) 효과(效果)의 개인별(個人別) 차이(差異)나 질병(疾病)에 대한 개인별(個人別) 감수성(感受性)의 차이(差異)에 따른 여러 가지 면역관계(免疫關係) 질환(疾患)의 다양성(多樣性)이나 난치병(難治病)의 다양(多樣)한 예후(豫後) 등(等)의 이유(理由)를 정확(正確)히 이해(理解)하지 못하고 따라서 적절(適切)한 대처(對處)를 하지 못하고 있는 것이 현실(現實)이다. 그런데 사상의학(四象醫學)의 네 체질(體質)에 따른 질병(疾病) 관리(管理), 치료(治療) 및 예방법(豫防法)은 현대(現代)의 난치병(難治病)이라고 할 수 있는 성인병(成人病), 면역계(免疫係) 질환(疾患), 스트레스성(性) 질환(疾患)의 관리(管理)에 효과적(效果的)으로 적용(適用)할 수 있으므로 현재(現在) 한방임상의학(韓方臨床醫學)에서 많이 응용(應用)되고 있다. 이러한 사상의학(四象醫學)을 세계(世界)에 폭넓게 적용하기 위해서는 국제적(國際的)으로 응용(應用)할 수 있는 체질진단(體質診斷)의 기준(基準)이 마련되어야 한다. 우선(于先) 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 외국인(外國人)에게도 과연(果然) 체질(體質)이 존재(存在)할까 하는 의문점(疑問点)을 해결(解決)하기 위(爲)하여 미국인(美國人)을 대상(對象)으로 체질(體質) 분류(分類)를 시도하여 체질(體質) 존재(存在) 여부(與否)를 확인(確認)하는 작업(作業)부터 시작(始作)하였다. 또 체질(體質)이 존재(存在)한다면 체질(體質) 진단(診斷) 도구(道具)로는 어떤 것이 좋을까를 알아보기 위(爲)한 연구(硏究)를 병행(竝行)하였다. 선택(選擇)된 체질(體質) 진단(診斷) 도구(道具)로는 경희대학교(慶熙大學校) 사상의학(四象醫學) 교실(敎室)에서 개발(開發)되어 학회(學會)에서 공인후(公認後) 임상(臨床)에서 널리 사용(使用)되는 체질(體質) 진단(診斷) 도구(道具)인 QSCCII를 바탕으로 이를 영문(英文)으로 번역(飜譯)하고 채점(採點) 방법(方法)을 보완(補完)하여 새롭게 제작(製作)된 new QSCCII + 사용(使用)하였다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 국내(國內)에서 표준화(標準化)되어 사용(使用)하고 있는 체질진단진단도구(體質診斷診斷道具)인 QSCCII를 보완하여 미국(美國)에서 응용(應用)할 수 있는 새로운 진단(診斷) 도구(道具)를 마련하고자 처음으로 시도(試圖)된 연구(硏究)이다. 조사(調査) 대상(對象)은 University of Bridgeport. Connecticut. U.S.A의 학생(學生), 교직원(敎職員)그리고 Health Science Center의 Clinic을 방문(訪問)한 사람중(中) 본(本) 조사(調査)에 협력(協力)한 사람이 주(主)로 그 대상(對象)이 되었으며 기타(其他) 주변(周邊)의 현지인(現地人)들이 대상(對象)이 되었다. 년(年) 조사대상인원(調査對象人員) 344명(名)이었고 전체(全體) 조사(調査) 대상(對象)에서 재검사(再檢査)를 할 수 있었던 인원(人員)은 240명(名)이었다. 연구기간(硏究期間)은 1998년(年) 9월(月)부터 1999년(年) 8월(月)까지 약(約) 1년(年) 여(餘)에 걸쳐 실시(實施)되었다. 이러한 연구결과(硏究結果)를 고찰(考察)해 볼 때 아래와 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 미국(美國) 사람에게도 사상체질(四象體質)은 존재(存在)한다. 추론(推論)컨데 미국(美國)에는 다양(多樣)한 인종(人種)이 섞여 살고 있으므로 외국인(外國人) 모두에게 역시(亦是) 체질(體質)이 존재(存在)한다고 볼 수 있다. 2. 미국인(美國人)에게 특(特)히 백인(白人)에게

Interlayer-state-driven superconductivity inCaC6studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Kyung, Wonshik,Kim, Yeongkwan,Han, Garam,Leem, Choonshik,Kim, Chul,Koh, Yoonyoung,Kim, Beomyoung,Kim, Youngwook,Kim, Jun Sung,Kim, Keun Su,Rotenberg, Eli,Denlinger, Jonathan D.,Kim, Changyoung American Physical Society 2015 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.92 No.22

Cryopreservation of putative pre-pubertal bovine spermatogonial stem cells by slow freezing

Kim, Ki-Jung,Lee, Yong-An,Kim, Bang-Jin,Kim, Yong-Hee,Kim, Byung-Gak,Kang, Hyun-Gu,Jung, Sang-Eun,Choi, Sun-Ho,Schmidt, Jonathan A.,Ryu, Buom-Yong Elsevier 2015 Cryobiology Vol.70 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Development of techniques for the preservation of mammalian spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is a critical step in commercial application of SSC based technologies, including species preservation, amplification of agriculturally valuable germ lines, and human fertility preservations. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient cryopreservation protocol for preservation of bovine SSCs using a slow freezing technique. To maximize the efficiency of SSC cryopreservation, the effects of various methods (tissue vs. cell freezing) and cryoprotective agents (trehalose, sucrose, and polyethylene glycol [PEG]) were tested. Following thawing, cells were enriched for undifferentiated spermatogonia by differential plating and evaluated for recovery rate, proliferation capacity, and apoptosis. Additionally, putative stem cell activity was assessed using SSC xenotransplantation. The recovery rate, and proliferation capacity of undifferentiated spermatogonia were significantly greater for germ cells frozen using tissue freezing methods compared to cell freezing methods. Cryopreservation in the presence of 200mM trehalose resulted in significantly greater recovery rate, proliferation capacity, and apoptosis of germ cells compared to control. Furthermore, cryopreservation using the tissue freezing method in the presence of 200mM trehalose resulted in the production of colonies of donor-derived germ cells after xenotransplantation into recipient mouse testes, indicating putative stem cell function. Collectively, these data indicate that cryopreservation using tissue freezing methods in the presence of 200mM trehalose is an efficient cryopreservation protocol for bovine SSCs.</P>

Development of Particle Flow-Based Inflatable Robot Body for Shape Rigidity Modulation

Hyunho Kim,Sangjoon Jonathan Kim,Junghoon Park,Handdeut Chang,Namkeun Kim,Yeongjin Kim 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.10

Disaster robots are needed to perform various tasks through narrow gaps between building debris to be used for rescue. A soft material-based disaster robot can have easy access to the rescue site through the narrow gaps. To ensure the robust control and better performance of the soft robot operation, a joint stiff ness modulation mechanism is required. In this paper, we have proposed a noble stiff ness modulation mechanism that includes shape change and self-assembly by using a particle flow-based inflatable robot body. We analyzed the particle filling completion time by injecting air and particles at a constant pressure into the soft chamber depending on several parameters (the size of the particle, the size of the reservoir, the volume ratio between the chamber volume and the total volume of the particle, and the injected air pressure). Of these, the most dominant factors influencing the completion time were particle size and pressure. It was observed that the smaller the size of the particle, the shorter time. The completion time tended to decrease as the air pressure increased.

Pyrrole- and Naphthobipyrrole-Strapped Calix[4]pyrroles as Azide Anion Receptors

Kim, Seung Hyeon,Lee, Juhoon,Vargas-Zú,ñ,iga, Gabriela I.,Lynch, Vincent M.,Hay, Benjamin P.,Sessler, Jonathan L.,Kim, Sung Kuk American Chemical Society 2018 Journal of organic chemistry Vol.83 No.5

<P>The binding interactions between the azide anion (N<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>) and the strapped calix[4]pyrroles <B>2</B> and <B>3</B> bearing auxiliary hydrogen bonding donors on the bridging moieties, as well as of normal calix[4]pyrrole <B>1</B>, were investigated via <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR spectroscopic and isothermal titration calorimetry analyses. The resulting data revealed that receptors <B>2</B> and <B>3</B> have significantly higher affinities for the azide anion in organic media as compared with the unfunctionalized calix[4]pyrrole <B>1</B> and other azide receptors reported to date. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and calculations using density functional theory revealed that receptor <B>2</B> binds CsN<SUB>3</SUB> in two distinct structural forms. As judged from the metric parameters, in the resulting complexes one limiting azide anion resonance contributor is favored over the other, with the specifics depending on the binding mode. In contrast to what is seen for <B>2</B>, receptor <B>3</B> forms a CsN<SUB>3</SUB> complex in 20% CD<SUB>3</SUB>OD in CDCl<SUB>3</SUB>, wherein the azide anion is bound only vertically to the NH protons of the calix[4]pyrrole and the cesium cation is complexed within the cone shaped-calix[4]pyrrole bowl. The bound cesium cation is also in close proximity to a naphthobipyrrole subunit present in a different molecule, forming an apparent cation-π complex.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Big E-Tobacco : Regulatory Action without Clear Benefits

Jonathan J. Kim 이화여자대학교 생명의료법연구소 2016 Asia Pacific Journal of Health Law & Ethics Vol.10 No.1

The U.S. e-cigarette industry has experienced rapid growth within the past few years, with some analysts estimating total sales in the range of $3 to $4 billion dollars in 2015. This growth has largely been attributed to the absence of both state and federal regulations. The Food and Drug Administration is now preparing to finalize its long-awaited “deeming regulation” that will categorize these products as regulated tobacco products, causing uncertainty for various stakeholders in the industry. However, there is little scholarship analyzing the proposed FDA regulatory implications on public health, the economy, and innovation. The purpose of this note is to advocate how these products can help millions live healthier lifestyles, create more jobs, and incentivize entrepreneurs to create better, safer products. In doing so, this note takes the position that the current FDA regulations on the e-cigarette industry create more consequences than benefits to society, and that the regulations should be mindful of the policy implications on the economy, public health, and innovation.

KF and CsF Recognition and Extraction by a Calix[4]crown-5 Strapped Calix[4]pyrrole Multitopic Receptor

Kim, Sung Kuk,Lynch, Vincent M.,Young, Neil J.,Hay, Benjamin P.,Lee, Chang-Hee,Kim, Jong Seung,Moyer, Bruce A.,Sessler, Jonathan L. American Chemical Society 2012 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.134 No.51

<P>On the basis of <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR spectroscopic analyses and single crystal X-ray crystal structural data, the ion-pair receptor <B>1</B>, bearing a calix[4]pyrrole for anion binding and calix[4]arene crown-5 for cation recognition, was found to act as a receptor for both CsF and KF ion-pairs. Both substrates are bound strongly but via different binding modes and with different complexation dynamics. Specifically, exposure to KF in 10% CD<SUB>3</SUB>OD in CDCl<SUB>3</SUB> leads first to complexation of the K<SUP>+</SUP> cation by the calix[4]arene crown-5 moiety. As the relative concentration of KF increases, then the calix[4]pyrrole subunit binds the F<SUP>–</SUP> anion. Once bound, the K<SUP>+</SUP> cation and the F<SUP>–</SUP> anion give rise to a stable 1:1 ion-pair complex that generally precipitates from solution. In contrast to what is seen with KF, the CsF ion-pair interacts with receptor <B>1</B> in two different modes in 10% CD<SUB>3</SUB>OD in CDCl<SUB>3</SUB>. In the first of these, the Cs<SUP>+</SUP> cation interacts with the calix[4]arene crown-5 ring weakly. In the second interaction mode, which is thermodynamically more stable, the Cs<SUP>+</SUP> cation and the counteranion, F<SUP>–</SUP>, are simultaneously bound to the receptor framework. Further proof that system <B>1</B> acts as a viable ion-pair receptor came from the finding that receptor <B>1</B> could extract KF from an aqueous phase into nitrobenzene, overcoming the high hydration energies of the K<SUP>+</SUP> and F<SUP>–</SUP> ions. It was more effective in this regard than a 1:1 mixture of the constituent cation and anion receptors (<B>4</B> and <B>5</B>).</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2012/jacsat.2012.134.issue-51/ja310673p/production/images/medium/ja-2012-10673p_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja310673p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Distinct Bacterial Communities Dominate Tropical and Temperate Zone Leaf Litter

Kim, Mincheol,Kim, Woo-Sung,Tripathi, Binu M.,Adams, Jonathan Springer-Verlag 2014 Microbial ecology Vol.67 No.4

Identification of two HIV inhibitors that also inhibit human RNaseH2

Kim, Junghwan,Yoon, Jaewan,Ju, MoonKyeong,Lee, Yunmi,Kim, Tae-Hee,Kim, Junwon,Sommer, Peter,No, Zaesung,Cechetto, Jonathan,Han, Sung-Jun Springer-Verlag 2013 Molecules and cells Vol.36 No.3

Selective Killing of Pathogenic Bacteria by Antimicrobial Silver Nanoparticle-Cell Wall Binding Domain Conjugates

Kim, Domyoung,Kwon, Seok-Joon,Wu, Xia,Sauve, Jessica,Lee, Inseon,Nam, Jahyun,Kim, Jungbae,Dordick, Jonathan S. American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.16

<P>Broad-spectrum antibiotics indiscriminately kill bacteria, removing nonpathogenic microorganisms and leading to evolution of antibiotic resistant strains. Specific antimicrobials that could selectively kill pathogenic bacteria without targeting other bacteria in the natural microbial community or microbiome may be able to address this concern. In this work, we demonstrate that silver nanoparticles, suitably conjugated to a selective cell wall binding domain (CBD), can efficiently target and selectively kill bacteria. As a relevant example, CBD<SUP>BA</SUP> from <I>Bacillus anthracis</I> selectively bound to <I>B. anthracis</I> in a mixture with <I>Bacillus subtilis</I>, as well in a mixture with <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>. This new biologically-assisted hybrid strategy, therefore, has the potential to provide selective decontamination of pathogenic bacteria with minimal impact on normal microflora.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>