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An iterative method for common solution to various problems
IBRAHIM KARAHAN,SAFEER HUSAIN KHAN 장전수학회 2019 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.29 No.3
In this paper, we introduce a new iterative method to nd a common solution of a generalized mixed equilibrium problem, a vari- ational inequality problem and a hierarchical xed point problem for demicontinuous nearly nonexpansive mappings. We prove that our method converges strongly to a common solution of all above problems. It is worth noting that Main Theorem is proved without usual demiclosed- ness condition. As our iterative method generalizes several methods, the results here improve and extend many recent results.
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Preventive Effect of Probiotics and α-Tocopherol on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats
Altug Senol,Mehmet Isler,Aynur G. Karahan,Gulden B. Kilic,Hakan Kuleasan,Selcuk Kaya,Muharrem Keskin,Ibrahim Goren,Ulku Saritas,Buket C. Aridogan,Namik Delibas 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.1
The protective effect of a probiotic mixture of 13 different bacteria and α-tocopherol on 98% ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury was evaluated. Levels of gastric mucosal pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, malondialdehyde, and secretory immunglobulin A were measured. Rats were allocated into four groups: control, ethanol, probiotic, and α-tocopherol. The control and ethanol groups received skim milk for 14 days. Probiotic and α-tocopherol groups were administered probiotic mixture suspended in skim milk and 100mg/kg α-tocopherol, respectively, by daily gavage for 14 days. On Day 15, gastric lesions were induced by administration of ethanol 98% (1mL) to all rats except those in the control group. Probiotic, but not α-tocopherol, seemed to inhibit ethanol-induced gastric mucosal tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-2 production (P>.05). Ethanol caused the elevation of mucosal interleukin-4 level (compared to the control, P<.05). Probiotic pretreatment significantly suppressed the ethanol-induced increase of gastric mucosal interleukin-4 levels. Pretreatment with either probiotic or α-tocopherol inhibited the ethanol-induced increase of mucosal malondialdehyde concentration (P<.01 and P<.05, respectively). Probiotic pretreatment enhanced the gastric mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A concentration (P<.001). In conclusion, probiotic mixture and α-tocopherol reduced ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lipid peroxidation, suggesting that they may be beneficial for gastric lesions induced by lower ethanol concentration.
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