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Park, Hyun,Ahn, In-Young,Park, Kyung-Il,Hyun, Seunghun Cambridge University Press 2008 Antarctic science Vol.20 No.6
<B>Abstract</B><P>The effects of thermal stress on antioxidant defences in tissues of the Antarctic clam<I>Laternula elliptica</I>were evaluated and the activities of some antioxidant enzymes, and levels of total glutathione (GSH) and protein carbonyl (PC) in digestive gland and gill over 0-4 days under extreme thermal stress (10°C) were measured. Superoxide dismutase activity was slightly higher after one day of thermal stress, although catalase activity was not altered significantly in either digestive gland or gill tissues. Thermal stress was associated with a significant increase in the activity of GSH-related antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities increased up to 1.8- and 2.0-fold, respectively, after two days of thermal stress. Glutathione S-transferase activity drastically increased, to over 3.4- and 4.2-fold in digestive gland and gill, respectively, and remained high on day four. GSH levels also increased in both tissues and remained high on day four. PC content, a marker of protein oxidation, increased after two days of thermal stress. There is evidence that GSH-related antioxidant defence plays a significant role in relation to potential toxicity from reactive oxygen species during thermal stress.</P>
Song, Hyun Seok,Jin, Hye Jun,Ahn, Sae Ryun,Kim, Daesan,Lee, Sang Hun,Kim, Un-Kyung,Simons, Christopher T.,Hong, Seunghun,Park, Tai Hyun American Chemical Society 2014 ACS NANO Vol.8 No.10
<P>The sense of taste helps humans to obtain information and form a picture of the world by recognizing chemicals in their environments. Over the past decade, large advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms of taste detection and mimicking its capability using artificial sensor devices. However, the detection capability of previous artificial taste sensors has been far inferior to that of animal tongues, in terms of its sensitivity and selectivity. Herein, we developed a bioelectronic tongue using heterodimeric human sweet taste receptors for the detection and discrimination of sweeteners with human-like performance, where single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors were functionalized with nanovesicles containing human sweet taste receptors and used to detect the binding of sweeteners to the taste receptors. The receptors are heterodimeric G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) composed of human taste receptor type 1 member 2 (hTAS1R2) and human taste receptor type 1 member 3 (hTAS1R3), which have multiple binding sites and allow a human tongue-like broad selectivity for the detection of sweeteners. This nanovesicle-based bioelectronic tongue can be a powerful tool for the detection of sweeteners as an alternative to labor-intensive and time-consuming cell-based assays and the sensory evaluation panels used in the food and beverage industry. Furthermore, this study also allows the artificial sensor to exam the functional activity of dimeric GPCRs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2014/ancac3.2014.8.issue-10/nn502926x/production/images/medium/nn-2014-02926x_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn502926x'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Lim, Jong Hyun,Oh, Eun Hae,Park, Juhun,Hong, Seunghun,Park, Tai Hyun American Chemical Society 2015 ACS NANO Vol.9 No.2
<P>A simple but efficient measurement platform based on ion-channel-coupled receptors and nanovesicles was developed for monitoring the real-time activity of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this work, an olfactory receptor (OR), the most common class A GPCR, was covalently fused with a Kir6.2 channel so that the GPCR action directly induced the opening of the ion channels and changes in the electrical membrane potential without complex cellular signaling processes. This strategy reduced the measurement errors caused by instability of various cellular components. In addition, rather than using whole cells, a cell-surface-derived nanovesicle was used to preserve the membrane-integrated structure of GPCRs and to exclude case-dependent cellular conditions. Another merit of using the nanovesicle is that nanovesicles can be easily combined with nanomaterial-based field-effect transistors (FETs) to build a sensitive and stable measurement platform to monitor GPCR activities with high sensitivity in real-time. Using a platform based on carbon nanotube FETs and nanovesicles carrying Kir6.2-channel-coupled ORs, we monitored the real-time response of ORs to their ligand molecules. Significantly, since this platform does not rely on rather unstable cell signaling pathways, our platform could be utilized for a rather long time period without losing its functionality. This system can be utilized extensively for simple and sensitive analysis of the activities of various GPCRs and should enable various academic and practical applications.</P>
“Bioelectronic super-taster” device based on taste receptor-carbon nanotube hybrid structures
Kim, Tae Hyun,Song, Hyun Seok,Jin, Hye Jun,Lee, Sang Hun,Namgung, Seon,Kim, Un-kyung,Park, Tai Hyun,Hong, Seunghun Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Lab on a chip Vol.11 No.13
<P>We have developed a method to monitor the activities of human taste receptor protein in lipid membrane using carbon nanotube transistors, enabling a “bioelectronic super-taster (BST)”, a taste sensor with human-tongue-like selectivity. In this work, human bitter taste receptor protein expressed in <I>E. coli</I> was immobilized on a single-walled carbon nanotube field effect transistor (swCNT-FET) with the lipid membrane. Then, the protein binding activity was monitored using the underlying swCNT-FET, leading to the operation as a BST device. The fabricated BST device could detect bitter tastants at 100 fM concentrations and distinguish between bitter and non-bitter tastants with similar chemical structures just like a human tongue. Furthermore, this strategy was utilized to differentiate the responses of <I>taster</I> or <I>non-taster</I> types of the bitter taste receptor proteins.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We developed a human taste receptor-based “bioelectronic super-taster” that shows high sensitivity and human-like selectivity. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0lc00648c'> </P>
Kim, Tae Hyun,Lee, Sang Hun,Lee, Joohyung,Song, Hyun Seok,Oh, Eun Hae,Park, Tai Hyun,Hong, Seunghun WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Advanced Materials Vol.21 No.1
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Single-carbon-atomic-resolution detection of odorant molecules has been demonstrated using a human olfactory receptor-based bioelectric nose. Furthermore, since the human olfactory receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), these sensor systems may be a new powerful platform for the development of new drugs and fragrances. <img src='wiley_img/09359648-2009-21-1-ADMA200801435-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/09359648-2009-21-1-ADMA200801435-content'> </P>