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The Potency of Abamectin Formulations against the Pine Wood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Jong-won Lee(Jong-won Lee),Abraham Okki Mwamula(Abraham Okki Mwamula ),Jae-hyuk Choi(Jae-hyuk Choi),Ho-wook Lee(Ho-wook Lee),Yi Seul Kim(Yi Seul Kim),Jin-Hyo Kim(Jin-Hyo Kim),Dong Woon Lee(Dong Woon L 한국식물병리학회 2023 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.39 No.3
Abamectin offers great protection against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a well-known devastating pathogen of pine tree stands. Trunk injection of nematicides is currently the most preferred method of control. This study aimed to evaluate the potency of the commonly used formulations of abamectin against B. xylophilus. Twenty-one formulations of abamectin were evaluated by comparing their sublethal toxicities and reproduction inhibition potentials against B. xylophilus. Nematodes were treated with diluted formulation concentrations in multi-well culture plates. And, populations pre-exposed to pre-determined concentrations of the formulations were inoculated onto Botrytis cinerea culture, and in pine twig cuttings. Potency was contrastingly different among formulations, with LC95 of 0.00285 and 0.39462 mg/ml for the most, and the least potent formulation, respectively. Paralysis generally occurred at an application dose of 0.06 μg/ ml or higher, and formulations with high sublethal toxicities caused significant paralysis levels at the tested doses, albeit the variations. Nematode reproduction was evident at lower doses of 0.00053-0.0006 μg/ml both on Botrytis cinerea and pine twigs, with significant variations among formulations. Thus, the study highlighted the inconsistencies in the potency of similar product formulations with the same active ingredient concentration against the target organism, and the need to analyze the potential antagonistic effects of the addi-tives used in formulations.
Lee, Hyo-Kyoung,Yeo, Hee-Kyoung,Park, Duck-Hee,Jeon, Seung-Won Korean Chemical Society 2003 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.24 No.12
Azo-functionalized calix[4]arenes as ionophores for chloride-selective electrode, 5,11,17,23-Tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-bis[(N,N-dimethyl-aniline-azo-phenylthioureido)ethyl]oxy-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene (4a) and 5,11,17,23-Tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-bis[(N,N-dimethyl-aniline-azo-phenylthioureido)ethyl]oxy-26,28-dimethoxycalix[4]arene (4b) were synthesized. The PVC membrane electrode based on azo-functionalized calix[4]arene 4a with o-NPOE exhibits a linear stable response over a wide concentration range ($1.5{\times}10^{-4}-1.0{\times}10^{-1}$) with a slope of -52.0 mV/decade and a detection limit of log[$Cl^-$] = -4.02. This ionophore-based membrane exhibited improved selectivity for chloride anion compared with classical Hofmeister series.
Regenerative Current Control Method of Bidirectional DC/DC Converter for EV/HEV Application
Lee, Jung-Hyo,Jung, Doo-Yong,Lee, Taek-Kie,Kim, Young-Ryul,Won, Chung-Yuen The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2013 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.8 No.1
The control method of the bidirectional DC/DC converter for instantaneous regenerative current control is described in this paper. The general method to control the DC/DC converter is the output voltage control. However, the regenerative current cannot be controlled to be constant with this control method. To improve the performance of the conventional control method, the DC-link voltage of the inverter is controlled within the tolerance range by the instantaneous boost and buck operations of the bidirectional DC/DC converter. By the proposed control method, the battery current can be controlled to be constant regardless of the motor speed variation. The improved performance of the DC/DC converter controlled by the proposed control method is verified by the experiment and simulation of the system with the inverter and IPMSM(Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) which is operated by the reduced practical speed profile.
Lee, Hwan Myung,Kim, Hyo Jin,Won, Kyung-Jong,Choi, Wahn Soo,Park, Seung Hwa,Song, Hyuk,Park, Pyo-Jam,Park, Tae-Kyu,Lee, Chang-Kwon,Kim, Bokyung S. Karger AG 2008 Journal of vascular research Vol.45 No.3
<P><I>Background:</I> Serum levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) shed from its membrane-bound form are elevated in hypertension. This study clarified the effects of sVCAM-1 on vascular responses in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). <I>Methods:</I> Boyden chamber, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation and ex vivo aortic ring assays for migration and proliferation, and Western blot for the kinase activity were used. <I>Results:</I> Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were compared functionally. sVCAM-1 increased RASMC migration and proliferation, which were greater in SHR compared with WKY rats. RASMCs expressed the very late antigen 4α receptor integrin with no difference between SHR and WKY rats. Inhibitors of phosphoinositide kinase 3 (PI3K) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and small interference RNA-Syk abolished the sVCAM-1-induced migration, proliferation and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. The phosphorylation of Syk was significantly greater in RASMCs from SHR than from WKY rats. sVCAM-1 increased aortic sprout outgrowth, which was inhibited by inhibitors of PI3K and Syk. <I>Conclusions:</I> This study suggests that sVCAM-1 promotes the RASMC migration and proliferation via the focal adhesion kinase pathway regulated by Syk and PI3K, and the altered sVCAM-1-induced responses during hypertension are closely associated with the increments in intracellular signal transmission.</P><P>Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>
Contamination of Chinese Cabbage with 85Sr, 103Ru and 134Cs Related to Time of Foliar Application
Lee,Won-Yun,Park,Hyo-Guk,Choi,Yong-Ho,Lim,Kwang-Muk,Lee,Chang-Woo 대한방사선 방어학회 1998 방사선방어학회지 Vol.23 No.4
온실에서 Sr, Ru, Cs의 혼합용액을 배추의 생육중 다섯 차례에 걸쳐 엽면에 분무처리하였다. 처리된 핵종이 작물체에 의해 차단되는 정도는 핵종간에 차이가 없었고 처리시기가 수확기에 가까울수록 점점 증가하였다. 측정된 차단계수의 최고치는 0.87이었다. 작물체에 침적한 핵종의 수활시 잔류율은 처리시기에 따라 전체잎의 경우 Sr가 16∼58%, Ru이 15∼73%, Cs가 33∼64%였고 속잎(6장의 겉잎 제거)의 경우 각각 2∼35%, 0.4∼46% 및 14∼40%였다. 강우가 방사성 핵종의 환경제거 정도를 결정하는 데 중요한역할을 한다는 것이 확인되었다.배추의 생육후기 처리시 상단부를 묶었을 때 차단계수와 속잎 잔류율이 서너배씩 감소되었다. 본 연구결과는 배추의 생육중 사고방출시 배추내 핵종농도 예측 및 대책수립에 활용될 수 있다. A solution containing Sr, Ru and Cs was applied to Chinese cabbage in a greenhouse via foliar spraying at 5 different times during its growth. Interception of the applied activity by plant showed no difference among radionuclides and increased with decreasing time interval between application and harvest. The maximum interception factor observed was 0.87 Percentages of the intercepted activity remaining in the whole leaves at harvest varied 16∼58% for Sr, 15∼73% for Ru and 33∼64% for Cs, with application time and those for the inner leaves (without 6 outmost leaves) varied 2∼35%, 0.4∼46% and 14∼40%, respectively. It was demonstrated that rain plays an important role in weathering loss of the activity. Tying the upper end of the plant prior to the last application lowered interception and remaining activity in the inner leaves by factors of 3∼4. Present results can be referred to in predicting the radionuclide concentration in Chinese cabbage and deciding counter-measures at the time of an accidental release from the nuclear installation.
Lee, Hae-Young,You, Hyun-Jung,Won, Joo-Yun,Youn, Seock-Won,Cho, Hyun-Jai,Park, Kyung-Woo,Park, Woong-Yang,Seo, Jeong-Sun,Park, Young-Bae,Walsh, Kenneth,Oh, Byung-Hee,Kim, Hyo-Soo Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2008 Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology Vol.28 No.2
<P>BACKGROUND: The forkhead factor, FOXO3a, is known to induce apoptosis in endothelial cells (ECs). However, its effects on extracellular matrices (ECM), which are important in EC survival, remained unknown. Here, we evaluated the role of FOXO3a on EC-ECM interaction. METHODS AND RESULTS: Constitutively active FOXO3a was transduced to human umbilical vein endothelial cells by adenoviral vector (Ad-TM-FOXO3a). Ad-TM-FOXO3a transfection led to dehiscence of ECs from fibronectin-coated plates, resulting in anoikis, which was significantly reversed by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, GM6001. FOXO3a increased the expression of MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) but decreased the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), which was associated with increased MMP enzymatic activity in zymography. Pathophysiologic conditions such as serum starvation or heat shock also induced activation of endogenous FOXO3a, leading to activation of MMP-3 and apoptosis, which was reversed by GM6001. Delivery of Ad-TM-FOXO3a to the intraluminal surface in vivo led to EC denudation, disrupted vascular integrity, and impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. CONCLUSIONS: Activation of MMPs and possible ECM disruption represent novel mechanisms of FOXO3a-mediated apoptosis in ECs.</P>
Hyo Won Lee(이효원) 한국정치학회 2016 한국정치학회보 Vol.50 No.5
이 연구는 GATT/WTO의 무역규칙과 분쟁해결규칙을 결정하는데 있어 미국이 냉전시대와 탈냉전시대에 각각 어떠한 정책적 입장을 취하고 있는가를 살펴보고, 신현실주의자들의 상대적 이익 가설이 이러한 미국의 입장들과 부합하는지를 검토한다. 이 연구는 미국이 냉전시대에는 신현실주의자들의 주장과는 달리 상대적 이익을 추구하지 않았으나 탈냉전시대에는 그들의 주장과 같이 상대적 이익을 적극적으로 추구했다는 것을 보여준다. 즉, 이 논문은 GATT/WTO와 같은 국제기구에 대한 미국의 상대적 이익 추구의 정도는 냉전시대와 탈냉전시대의 안보적, 경제적 조건들에 따라 결정된다는 것을 나타낸다. This study reviews positions of the U.S. in the negotiations over the trade and dispute settlement rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization, and assesses the relevance of neorealist theory of relative gains in view of these negotiations. It indicates that the U.S. did not seek relative gains from the GATT in the early Cold War period, while it has sought relative gains actively in the post-Cold War period. In other words, U.S. concerns regarding relative gains in international institutions have been conditional upon the changing international security and economic structure between the Cold War and post-Cold War periods.