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- 저자 : Horai, Yumi (검색결과 5 건)
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On the Universality of Auxiliary Verbs
Nasser Al-Horais 세종대학교 언어연구소 2012 Journal of Universal Language Vol.13 No.1
Cross-linguistically, it has often been observed that there is no any specific language-independent formal definition that can be used to determine the characterization of any given element as an auxiliary verb. This paper, though it agrees to some extent with this observation, argues that there is still room to find some universal properties that help us end up with the conclusion that auxiliaries and lexical verbs are two distinct types of syntactic entities. To this end, this paper describes the characteristics necessary for what is to count as an auxiliary verb. Having done that, the paper turns to illustrate the most common properties that can be found among languages in order to find a clear universally agreed definition of an auxiliary verb.
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The Minimalist Program and its New Insight to the Concept of Universal Grammar
Nasser Al-Horais 세종대학교 언어연구소 2013 Journal of Universal Language Vol.14 No.2
The prime concern of this paper is to introduce the art of the Minimalist Program to the theory of grammar. Besides presenting the basic principles and techniques that make this new theory moving away from the over-generation and filtering character of its predecessors, this paper discusses some new ideas articulated recently by Chomsky such as changing the function of movement and the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) feature, or proposing new theories such as Phases and Feature Inheritance. These new generative ideas can express the sharp contrast between the conceptions of Universal Grammar in the Minimalist Program and the previous generative theories.
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On Negation and Focus in Standard Arabic: Interface-based Approach
Nasser Al-Horais 세종대학교 언어연구소 2017 Journal of Universal Language Vol.18 No.1
This paper addresses the interface between syntax and information structure by interpreting focus under negation. To this end, data will be examined from the Arabic negative marker laysa, which exhibits interesting focus features that broaden our knowledgeof syntactic and semantic aspects of negation and deepen our understanding of what information structural effects play a role at the interface. Focus typology can be expressed by laysain its two major types, namely the information focus and contrastive focus, resulting in three different ways in which negation and focus can interact at the Syntax-Information Structure Interface. These ways are of three different readings of focus (wide, bound, and free). Each of these foci involves a different derivation which reflects how the autonomous notions of information structure–topic, focus, and contrast–interact in systematic ways with syntax as shown by the proposed minimalist analysis for each type.
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홍성수,이충추,Hong, Seong-Su,Horai, Satoshi,Lee, Chung-Choo The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 1998 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.2 No.2
A deletion of one out of the two copies of 9-bp repeat sequence (CCCCCTCTA), between the cytochrome oxidase II and Iysine tranfer RNA (COII/$tRNA^{Lys}$) genes in human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been used as a polymorphic anthropological marker for people of east Asian origin, and to lesser extent, Pacific and African populations. We searched for the 9-bp deletion of the intergenic COII/$tRNA^{Lys}$ Lys region in two Korean populations (175 from Seoul and 38 from Cheju) and examine the distibution of this deletion in world populations. The 9-bp deletion was detected directly by electrophoresis of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified nucleotide(nt) 8211-8310 mtDNA fragment. The frequencies of the 9-bp deletion were significantly different between the Seoul (16%) and Cheju (8%) populations. Examination of data from the world populations suggests a geographic gradient. The frequency reaches its highest values in some Pacific island populations and decreases along the southeast Asia-Siberia transect. In spite of this geographic gradient, Mongoloid populations including Korean, Chinese, Japanese, and Mongolian populations were relatively homo-geneous with regard to the 9-bp deletion type of the intergenic COII/$tRNA^{Lys}$ region. These results indicate Koreans are genetically related to northeast Asian populations, and have a maternal mongoloid ancestry. Therefore, the 9-bp deletion of the intergenic COII/$tRNA^{Lys}$ region will provide significant information to elucidate the historical patterns of migration of the Mongoloids.
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Mutation, DNA Strand Cleavage and Nitric Oxide Formation Caused by N-nitrosoproline with UVA & UVB
Arimoto-Kobayashi, Sakae,Ando, Yoshiko,Horai, Yumi,Okamoto, Keinosuke,Hayatsu, Hikoya,Green, Michael H.L. Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.3
N-Nitrosoproline(NPRO) is endogenously formed from proline and nitrite. NPRO has been reported to be nonmutagenic and noncarcinogenic. In this study, we have detected the direct mutagenicity of NPRO with UVA and UVB towards S. typhimurium. Formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a mutagenic lesion, was observed in calf thymus DNA treated with NPRO plus simulated sunlight. Furthermore, the treatment with NPRO and sunlight induced single strand breaks in the superhelical replicative form of phage M13mp2 DNA. An analysis using scavengers suggested that both reactive oxygen species and NO radical mediate the strand breaks. The formation of nitric oxide was observed in NPRO solution irradiated with UVA. The co-mutagenic and co-toxic actions of NPRO and sunlight merit attention as possible mechanisms increasing the carcinogenic risk from UVA irradiation.
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