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Thermal rectification of asymmetrically-defective materials
Hiroyuki Hayashi,Yohei Ito,Koji Takahashi 대한기계학회 2011 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.25 No.1
We conducted numerical simulations of heat conduction in one-dimensional (1D) nonlinear lattices to reveal the mechanism of thermal rectification of asymmetrically-defective materials. A decreased spring constant simulates the defective lattice and the obtained temperature profile suggests a thermal resistance existing at the interface of two linked segments with different spring constants. Our numerical results suggest that the thermal rectification of two-segment system is dependent on the spring constant and temperature gradient. Introducing the estimated phonon band, most of the rectification mechanisms are clearly explained and performance limit as a thermal rectifier is found for the defective/pristine materials.
Relationship between threatened vascular plants and the human population in Japan
Hayashi, Naoki,Watanabe, Eriko,Matsuda, Hiroyuki The Ecological Society of Korea 2012 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.35 No.4
Using data sets for Japan as a whole, as arranged with approximately $10{\times}10$ km squares (a secondary grid), we investigated the relationship between population density and the habitats of threatened vascular plants listed in the Japanese Red Data Book; depopulated areas in the present and future, areas where under-use may be serious, and those with a predominance of elderly people; and the present state of the habitats in terms of a characteristic land use pattern. Regarding the habitats of threatened vascular plants, the progress of deterioration [$(N_{CR}+N_{EN})/(N_{CR}+N_{EN}+N_{VU})$] in depopulated areas has been confirmed, where $N_{CR}$, $N_{EN}$, and $N_{VU}$ are the numbers of species classified as critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable, respectively. Moreover, in grid squares used by a human such as farmland, the progress of the deterioration simply increases when population density becomes low. However, for many vascular plants, they are particularly endangered in populous areas. Local populations will decrease throughout Japan with the rate of depopulation in and around large cities being relatively slow. We also propose some issues that need further study. The deterioration by human activity may be reduced. On the other hand, some vascular plants may be adversely influenced by depopulation. Additionally, we should keep a close watch on grasslands and water areas in large cities to preserve vascular plants.
HIROYUKI KUMANO,Tatsunori Asaoka,Tatsuya Hayashi,Peng Zhang 대한설비공학회 2015 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.23 No.3
The specific heat of a tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) aqueous solution, the latent heat of a TBAB hydrate, and the specific enthalpy of a TBAB hydrate slurry were measured to understand the thermal storage characteristics of TBAB hydrate slurry. A solution sample and the hydrate slurry were heated, the change in temperature was measured, and the specific heat of the TBAB aqueous solution and the specific enthalpy of the hydrate slurry were obtained from the change in temperature. Two types of TBAB hydrate form. Therefore, the hydrates were separated from the hydrate slurry formed from TBAB aqueous solution having several initial concentrations. The hydrate crystals were placed into solution, and the latent heats were obtained from the temperature change of the solution. The specific enthalpy of the hydrate slurry was estimated from the latent heats of the hydrate crystals and the specific heat of the solution under phase equilibrium conditions, and the measured and estimated values were compared.
Relationship between threatened vascular plants and the human population in Japan
Naoki Hayashi,Eriko Watanabe,Hiroyuki Matsuda 한국생태학회 2012 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.35 No.4
Using data sets for Japan as a whole, as arranged with approximately 10 × 10 km squares (a secondary grid), we investigated the relationship between population density and the habitats of threatened vascular plants listed in the Japanese Red Data Book; depopulated areas in the present and future, areas where under-use may be serious, and those with a predominance of elderly people; and the present state of the habitats in terms of a characteristic land use pattern. Regarding the habitats of threatened vascular plants, the progress of deterioration [(NCR + NEN)/(NCR + NEN + NVU)] in depopulated areas has been confirmed, where NCR, NEN, and NVU are the numbers of species classified as critically endangered, endangered,and vulnerable, respectively. Moreover, in grid squares used by a human such as farmland, the progress of the deterioration simply increases when population density becomes low. However, for many vascular plants, they are particularly endangered in populous areas. Local populations will decrease throughout Japan with the rate of depopulation in and around large cities being relatively slow. We also propose some issues that need further study. The deterioration by human activity may be reduced. On the other hand, some vascular plants may be adversely influenced by depopulation. Additionally, we should keep a close watch on grasslands and water areas in large cities to preserve vascular plants.
Katsuhiro Hayashi,Tetsutaro Yahata,Ryota Muramoto,Norio Yamamoto,Akihiko Takeuchi,Shinji Miwa,Takashi Higuchi,Kensaku Abe,Yuta Taniguchi,Hisaki Aiba,Yoshihiro Araki,Hiroyuki Tsuchiya 대한재활의학회 2018 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.42 No.3
Objective To analyze patient characteristics of cancer rehabilitation and outcomes at our hospital.Methods This retrospective study analyzed 580 patients, who underwent cancer rehabilitation at our hospital and rehabilitation outcome after therapy were investigated. The relationship between the initial Barthel index and discharge outcomes was investigated, with a special focus on cancer patients with bone metastasis. The Barthel index and performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) before and after rehabilitation were analyzed, and threshold value of home discharge was calculated from a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). General criteria for home discharge from our hospital included independence in performing basic activities of daily living such as bathing, feeding, and toileting or availability of home support from a family member/caregiver.Results The outcomes after rehabilitation among all the patients were as follows: discharge home 59%, death 13%, and others 27%. Statistical differences were observed between the initial and final values of the Barthel index in patients with bone metastasis, who could be discharged home (p=0.012). ROC analysis of the initial Barthel index for predicting home discharge revealed a threshold value of 60, sensitivity of 0.76, and specificity of 0.72.Conclusion The patients with bone metastasis had a lower rate of home discharge and a higher rate of mortality than all the study patients who underwent cancer rehabilitation at our hospital. It is proposed that at the time of initiation of rehabilitation for patients with bone metastasis, an initial Barthel index lower than 60 might predict a worse outcome than home discharge.
Muramatsu, Hiroyuki,Takahashi, Masahiro,Kang, Cheon-Soo,Kim, Jin Hee,Kim, Yoong Ahm,Hayashi, Takuya The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.34
<P>We demonstrate selective nitrogen doping on the outer tubes of double walled carbon nanotubes by nitrogen plasma treatment. Such selectivity improves the chemical activity of the outer tubes, including their wettability and oxygen reduction reaction properties, while retaining the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the inner tubes.</P>
Saito Hiroyuki,Hayashi Kazuo,Iikura Yoshikazu Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysici 2004 지구물리와 물리탐사 Vol.7 No.1
This paper describes a method of detecting formation boundaries, and permeable fractures, from frequency-domain Stoneley wave logs. Field data sets were collected between the depths of 330 and 360 m in well EE-4 in the Higashi-Hachimantai geothermal field, using a monopole acoustic logging tool with a source central frequency of 15 kHz. Stoneley wave amplitude spectra were calculated by performing a fast Fourier transform on the waveforms, and the spectra were then collected into a frequency-depth distribution of Stoneley wave amplitudes. The frequency-domain Stoneley wave log shows four main characteristic peaks at frequencies 6.5, 8.8, 12, and 13.3 kHz. The magnitudes of the Stoneley wave at these four frequencies are affected by formation properties. The Stoneley wave at higher frequencies (12 and 13.3 kHz) has higher amplitudes in hard formations than in soft formations, while the wave at lower frequencies (6.5 and 8.8 kHz) has higher amplitudes in soft formations than in hard formations. The correlation of the frequency-domain Stoneley wave log with the logs of lithology, degree of welding, and P-wave velocity is excellent, with all of them showing similar discontinuities at the depths of formation boundaries. It is obvious from these facts that the frequency-domain Stoneley wave log provides useful clues for detecting formation boundaries. The frequency-domain Stoneley wave logs are also applicable to the detection of a single permeable fracture. The procedure uses the Stoneley wave spectral amplitude logs at the four frequencies, and weighting functions. The optimally weighted sum of the four Stoneley wave spectral amplitudes becomes almost constant at all depths, except at the depth of a permeable fracture. The assumptions that underlie this procedure are that the energy of the Stoneley wave is conserved in continuous media, but that attenuation of the Stoneley wave may occur at a permeable fracture. This attenuation may take place at anyone of the four characteristic Stoneley wave frequencies. We think our multispectral approach is the only reliable method for the detection of permeable fractures.