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- 저자 : Hajat, Shakoor (검색결과 2 건)
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Codification strategies for achieving spatial justice in Iran
Mostafa Ghaderi Hajat,Mohammad Reza Hfeznia 대한공간정보학회 2020 Spatial Information Research Vol.28 No.3
Spatial injustice is an important feature of spatial organization in Iran, which is formulated on a core-periphery structure from the local to national scale. The current research with use descriptive-analytic method intends to codify solutions to access spatial justice in Iran. The results showed that spatial injustice in Iran relates to its natural geography and unequal distribution of natural resources (inherent characteristics), the human geography and spatial structure of the nation, centralism in political system, methods of policy-making, national development planning, regional and global geopolitical environment, inequality in the distribution of political power, wealth and opportunity resources. According to the research, to access spatial justice, the following strategies have been suggested: optimal spatial distribution of wealth flow as a developmental prerequisite namely management of money flow in the country, allocation of a specific portion of provincial budgets for balanced development in order to achieve regional balance, strengthening of local potential to increase the efficiency of achieving balanced development, attention to the systemic thinking about spatial justice and planning at the local, regional and national levels, revision of the principles of the Constitution related to the centralization for spatial distribution of executive and political power in the country.
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Ha, Jongsik,Kim, Ho,Hajat, Shakoor National Institute of Environmental Health Science 2011 Environmental health perspectives Vol.119 No.4
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>It has recently been postulated that low mortality levels in the previous winter may increase the proportion of vulnerable individuals in the pool of people at risk of heat-related death during the summer months.</P><P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>We explored the sensitivity of heat-related mortality in summer (June–August) to mortality in the previous winter (December–February) in Seoul, Daegu, and Incheon in South Korea, from 1992 through 2007, excluding the summer of 1994.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Poisson regression models adapted for time-series data were used to estimate associations between a 1°C increase in average summer temperature (on the same day and the previous day) above thresholds specific for city, age, and cause of death, and daily mortality counts. Effects were estimated separately for summers preceded by winters with low and high mortality, with adjustment for secular trends.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Temperatures above city-specific thresholds were associated with increased mortality in all three cities. Associations were stronger in summers preceded by winters with low versus high mortality levels for all nonaccidental deaths and, to a lesser extent, among persons ≥ 65 years of age. Effect modification by previous-winter mortality was not evident when we restricted deaths to cardiovascular disease outcomes in Seoul.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our results suggest that low winter all-cause mortality leads to higher mortality during the next summer. Evidence of a relation between increased summer heat-related mortality and previous wintertime deaths has the potential to inform public health efforts to mitigate effects of hot weather.</P>
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