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Ankur Gupta,Chandrajit Balomajumder 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.2
A continuous bio column reactor was designed for the simultaneous bioaccumulation of Cr(VI) and biodegradation of phenol from their binary synthetic solution with the ratio of (2 : 1). Consortium culture of Bacillus sp. and Escherichia coli was immobilized onto tea waste biomass in the packed bed column. The metabolites formed during the biodegradation of phenol by Bacillus sp. were utilized by Escherichia coli for the bioaccumulation of Cr(VI). The considerable effect of empty bed contact time (EBCT), bed height (cm) and flow rate (mL/min) was investigated onto the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and phenol in the column reactor. However, after 3-4 days of continuous treatment of Cr(VI) and phenol the effect of these process parameters was not significant. Dissolved oxygen (DO) of effluent has been found to decrease with run time of packed bed column. The pH of the effluent decreased initially for 2 days but after that it became the same as the influent. A mass transfer study was carried out to calculate the pseudofirst- order rate constant for Cr(VI) and phenol, which was in good agreement with experimental results.
( Aditi Gupta ),( Ankit Bhardwaj ),( Ankur Jindal ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: HVPG >10 mm Hg predicts clinical decompensation (CD) in compensated cirrhotics. A few cirrhotics exhibit high HVPG (>20mm Hg) despite no CD. Their natural history, pattern of CD (ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleed) and complications (HCC, mortality) is largely unknown. Methods: Consecutive compensated cirrhosis patients with HVPG >5 mm Hg (n=747) were followed up every 3-6 monthly for CD. They were sub-classified at baseline based on HVPG (< 12 mmHg (low HVPG group), 12-20 mmHg (Intermediate HVPG group) and >20 mmHg (High HVPG group). We analyzed only the low and high HVPG groups. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to identify predictors Results: 295(39.4%) patients developed clinical decompensation (CD) at mean follow up of 1.9 ± 0.3 years. In comparison to low HVPG group, first CD in high HVPG group developed early (1.4 ± 0.3 years vs 2 ± 0.3 years, P=0.02), more frequently (ascites- 27.1% vs 13.2%, variceal bleed- 31.9% vs 7.9%, AKI- 31% vs 12.8%, HCC- 12.4% vs. 3.9%; all P<0.05) with higher mortality (15.9% vs 1.9%; P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between baseline HVPG level and grade of esophageal varices (P=0.457). All patients in high HVPG group received carvedilol (maximum dose-25 mg/d, divided) and a repeat HVPG measured after a mean duration of 1.8 ± 0.4 years showed suboptimal HVPG response (≥20% reduction in HVPG or < 12 mmHg) in 26.6% patients (mean HVPG reduction, 3.3± 1.3 mm Hg). Etiology of cirrhosis and grade of varices were not significantly associated with CD or HVPG response. On multivariate analysis, baseline HVPG >20 mm Hg (hazard ratio [HR], 5.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.909-8.926, P=0.001) and high MELD score (HR, 1.125; 95% CI, 1.066- 1.187, P=0.001) were independent predictors of CD. Conclusions: An HVPG of >20mm Hg independently predicts early and more frequent CD in compensated cirrhotics. Only a quarter of these patients respond to carvedilol and hence mandates us for careful HVPG monitoring and low threshold for additional drugs or interventions.
Himanshu Gupta,Harish Kumar,Mohit Kumar,Avneesh Kumar Gehlaut,Ankur Gaur,Sadhana Sachan,Jin-Won Park 대한환경공학회 2020 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.25 No.4
The current study stresses on the reuse of waste lignocellulose biomass (rice husk and sugarcane bagasse) for the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and further conversion of this CMC into a biodegradable film. Addition of commercial starch was done to form biodegradable film due to its capacity to form a continuous matrix. Plasticizers such as Glycerol and citric acid were used to provide flexibility and strength to the film. Biopolymer film obtained from sugarcane bagasse CMC showed maximum tensile strength and elongation in comparison to the film synthesized from commercial CMC and CMC obtained from rice husk. It has been observed that an increase in sodium glycolate/NaCl content in CMC imposed an adverse effect on tensile strength. Opacity, moisture content, and solubility of the film increased with a rise in the degree of substitution of CMC. Therefore, CMC obtained from sugarcane bagasse was better candidate in preparing biopolymer/biocomposite film.
Ron Blankstein,Ankur Gupta,Jamal S. Rana,Khurram Nasir 대한내분비학회 2017 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.32 No.1
Over the last two decades coronary artery calcium (CAC) scanning has emerged as a quick, safe, and inexpensive method to detectthe presence of coronary atherosclerosis. Data from multiple studies has shown that compared to individuals who do not have anycoronary calcifications, those with severe calcifications (i.e., CAC score >300) have a 10-fold increase in their risk of coronary heartdisease events and cardiovascular disease. Conversely, those that have a CAC of 0 have a very low event rate (~0.1%/year), withdata that now extends to 15 years in some studies. Thus, the most notable implication of identifying CAC in individuals who do nothave known cardiovascular disease is that it allows targeting of more aggressive therapies to those who have the highest risk of havingfuture events. Such identification of risk is especially important for individuals who are not on any therapies for coronary heartdisease, or when intensification of treatment is being considered but has an uncertain role. This review will highlight some of the recentdata on CAC testing, while focusing on the implications of those findings on patient management. The evolving role of CAC inpatients with diabetes will also be highlighted.
( Gireesh Dayma ),( Ankur Gupta ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a major form of chronic liver disease and is becoming the leading indication for liver transplantation. In addition to being a major contributor to death from liver disease, NASH imposes a substantial economic burden on health care systems in developing countries. Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory that has been shown to reduce oxidative stress in diabetic patients. We investigated the effects of Vitamin E in preventing liver fibrosis in a rodent model of NASH. Methods: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a choline-deficient high-fat diet and exposed to diethylnitrosamine for 6 weeks. The NASH group (n=10) received vehicle and the Vitamin E group (n=10) received 10 IU/kg/day by gavage. A control group (n=4) received only standard diet and vehicle. Following treatment, animals were sacrificed and liver tissue was collected for histologic examination, mRNA isolation, lipoperoxidation analysis and analysis of mitochondrial function. Genes related to fibrosis (MMP9, TIMP1, TIMP2), oxidative stress (HSP60, HSP90, GST), and mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC1a) were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Liver mitochondrial oxidation activity was measured by a polarographic method, and cytokines by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Vitamin E treatment restored mitochondrial function and reduced lipoperoxidation levels, collagen deposition by nearly 76% compared to the NASH group. Vitamin E upregulated PGC1a and MMP9 and reduced TIMP1 and TIMP2 mRNA and IL-6 and IL-10 protein expression. There were no significant differences in HSP60, HSP90 and GST expression. Conclusions: Vitamin E modulated PGC1a expression, improved mitochondrial respiration and prevented collagen deposition. It may, therefore, be useful in the treatment of liver fibrosis in NASH.