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Logic and Religion in Wŏnhyo’s Buddhism: Focusing on Wŏnhyo’s Critical Discussions on Inference
Gregor PAUL 동국대학교 불교문화연구원 2019 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.29 No.2
In my reflections about logic and religion in Wŏnhyo’s Buddhism, I presuppose that there exist logical laws normatively valid for all human beings. My analyses then focus on the question of whether Wŏnhyo held that in, and because of, certain Buddhist teachings, some such laws as for instance the Principle of non-contradiction need not be accepted. Answering this question in the negative, I argue that Wŏnhyo, in spite of being a devout Buddhist, uncompromisingly rejected logical inconsistencies, thus comparing favorably to many medieval Christian scholastics. In particular, I deal with Wŏnhyo’s use of “skillful means” (upāya) as a device to avoid contradiction. However, I also admit that important questions remain open, and I try to make it clear that, from a methodological point of view, skillful means is a rather dubious tool to solve logical problems.