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Effect of Medicinal Plant Extracts on Mealy Bugs (Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green) Affecting Mulberry
( Govindaiah ),( M. C. Gayathri ),( V. Nagaveni ) 한국잠사학회 2006 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.13 No.2
Efficacy of aqueous leaf extracts of medicinal plants viz., Eucalyptus globulus, Ocimum sanctum and Piper betle were evaluated against the hatching of eggs, mortality of nymphs and mortality and fecundity of adult mealy bugs (Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green) under in vitro conditions. Totally seven concentrations 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 70 and 100 percent were tested against mealy bugs. The results revealed that with the increase in the concentration of extracts, there was a corresponding decrease in hatching, nymphal & adult mortality and fecundity in all the extracts tested. The hatching of eggs was minimum at 100 percent concentration in E. globulus (20.00%) followed by O. sanctum (30.42%) and P. betle (36.06%) over control (96.73%). The growth and development of nymphs and adults were adversely affected after the treatment. The nymphs did not attain the adult stage and there was total mortality of nymphs in different treatments. The duration of nymphal stage was reduced by 2-10 days in E. globulus, 1-7 days in O. sanctum and 1-2 days P. betle at higher concentrations. However, at lower concentrations it was prolonged by 2-4 days in all the three extracts. At lower concentrations the mortality of adults was on par with the control. Similarly the adult duration was also reduced by 3-4 days at 100 percent concentration and prolonged by 5-6 days at lower concentrations in all the extracts. With the increase in concentrations of the extracts there was decrease in the fecundity of eggs. Thus, the leaf extracts of E. globulus was found to be most effective followed by O. sanctum and P. betle against mealy bugs.
Effect of Medicinal Plant Extracts on Mealy Bugs (Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green) Affecting Mulberry
Govindaiah, Govindaiah,Gayathri, M.C.,Nagaveni, V. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2006 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.13 No.2
Efficacy of aqueous leaf extracts of medicinal plants viz., Eucalyptus globulus, Ocimum sanctum and Piper betle were evaluated against the hatching of eggs, mortality of nymphs and mortality and fecundity of adult mealy bugs (Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green) under in vitro conditions. Totally seven concentrations 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 70 and 100 percent were tested against mealy bugs. The results revealed that with the increase in the concentration of extracts, there was a corresponding decrease in hatching, nymphal & adult mortality and fecundity in all the extracts tested. The hatching of eggs was minimum at 100 percent concentration in E. globulus (20.00%) followed by O. sanctum (30.42%) and P. betle (36.06%) over control (96.73%). The growth and development of nymphs and adults were adversely affected after the treatment. The nymphs did not attain the adult stage and there was total mortality of nymphs in different treatments. The duration of nymphal stage was reduced by 2-10 days in E. globulus, 1-7 days in O. sanctum and 1-2days P. betle at higher concentrations. However, at lower concentrations it was prolonged by 2-4 days in all the three extracts. At lower concentrations the mortality of adults was on par with the control. Similarly the adult duration was also reduced by 3-4 days at 100 percent concentration and prolonged by 5-6 days at lower concentrations in all the extracts. With the increase in concentrations of the extracts there was decrease in the fecundity of eggs. Thus, the leaf extracts of E. globulus was found to be most effective followed by O. sanctum and P. betle against mealy bugs.
Luminescent Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by One-Pot Aphen-Functionalization
Govindaiah, Patakamuri,Park, Tae-Joon,Jung, Yeon-Jae,Lee, Sun-Jong,Ryu, Du-Yeol,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Cheong, In-Woo 한국고분자학회 2010 Macromolecular Research Vol.18 No.11
5-Amino-1,10-phenanthroline (Aphen)-functionalized monodisperse luminescent iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared using a one-pot synthetic procedure via a thermal decomposition process. Amine functional groups of Aphen as a luminescent source afforded highly stabilized magnetic nanoparticles in polar solvents, resulting in a well-dispersed solution. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the size distribution and particle morphology of the iron oxide nanoparticles was improved after anchoring with Aphen. The functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles with Aphen was examined by UV-vis absorbance and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The Aphen-anchored iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited excellent luminescence properties with an estimated luminescence quantum yield of 0.00354 at room temperature. In addition, these Aphen-anchored iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) to reveal the magnetic properties. The Aphenanchored iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited both luminescence and magnetic properties.
Govindaiah, Patakamuri,Lee, Jung Min,Jung, Yeon Jae,Lee, Sun Jong,Kim, Jung Hyun Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.19 No.21
<P>Tunable fluorescent poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid) [poly(St-co-MAA)]/Au-Aphen hybrid nanoparticles were fabricated by immobilizing the 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au-Aphen) on the surface of copolymer nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Aphen-Au cationic complex was absorbed on the surface of poly(St-co-MAA) nanoparticles by using electrostatic interactions and metalized by a reduction process. Thus, the functionalized metal nanoparticles can be immobilized onto the surface of the copolymer nanoparticles to significantly modify their optical properties. The structure of the hybrid nanoparticles was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectrophotometery and spectrofluorophotometery studies. These hybrid nanoparticles exhibited fluorescence properties with enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield compared to the gold clusters. Furthermore, the fluorescent emission wavelength of hybrid nanoparticles can be tuned precisely by changing the amount of Aphen functionalized gold nanoparticles on the surface of poly(St-co-MAA) nanoparticles. PL spectra of hybrid nanoparticles showed a red-shift with increasing the amount of functionalized gold on the poly(St-co-MAA) nanoparticles surface in a water medium.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The luminescent properties of hybrid nanoparticles can be controlled by changing the amount of 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline functionalized gold nanoparticles on poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid) particles surface. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b900393b'> </P>
Govindaiah, Patakamuri,Lee, Jung-Min,Lee, Seung-Mo,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Subramani, Sankaraiah The Polymer Society of Korea 2009 Macromolecular Research Vol.17 No.11
Polycarbonate (PC)/sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) ionomer/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared by a solution intercalation process using the SPS ionomer as a compatibilizer. The effect of an organoclay on the melt crystallization behavior of the ionomer compatibilized PC were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The melt crystallization behavior of PC was dependent on the extent of organoclay dispersion. The effect of the ionomer loading and cation size on intercalation/exfoliation efficiency of the organoclay in PC/SPS ionomer matrix was also studied using wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dispersion of the organically modified clay in the polymer matrix improved with increasing ionomer compatibilizer loadings and cation size. The SPS ionomer compatibilized PC/organoclay nanocomposite showed enhanced melt crystallization compared to the SPS ionomer/PC blend. Well dispersed organoclay nanocomposites showed better crystallization than the poorly dispersed clay nanocomposites. These nanocomposites also showed better thermal stability than the SPS ionomer/PC blend.
Naik, Vorkady Nishitha,Sharma, Dinesh Dutta,Govindaiah, Govindaiah Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.16 No.2
A preliminary survey on the incidence and intensity of root disease complex (association of Meloidogyne incognita and root rot pathogens) was carried out in the sericultural areas of Karnataka. A total of 280 mulberry gardens were surveyed in 14 districts of Karnataka belonging to different types of soil (red sandy, red loamy and black cotton), farming systems (irrigated and rainfed), varieties (V-1, K-2, Local and S-13) and age of the plants (0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 years). It was observed that the association of M. incognita with Botryodiplodia theobromae and Fusarium solani causes the root disease complex in mulberry. Of the 280 gardens visited, 94 were infested with the disease complex and incidence was recorded as 33.6%. The higher intensity of root disease complex was observed when the root system had more than 100 galls/plant with infection of mixed population of B. theobromae and F. solani in sandy soil under irrigated farming. The 5-10 years old mulberry plantation with V-I variety was found to be most susceptible to root disease complex. Districts like Mysore, Kolar, Mandya, Tumkur, Chitradurga and Bangalore were observed as sensitive areas. Further, the wounds caused by M. incognita in mulberry roots favour the easy entry of root rot pathogens, which increased the severity of the disease very fast.
Biocompatible Charcoal Composites Prepared by Ionic Liquids for Drug Detoxification
박태준,Patakamuri Govindaiah,황태원,김은경,최성욱,김중현 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.7
Cellulose/charcoal and cellulose/heparin/charcoal composites were fabricated using ionic liquids to enhance the biocompatibility of charcoal and decrease the size of their active pores. Surface morphological studies of these biocompatible charcoal composites showed that their uniformly coated surfaces could inhibit the adsorption of proteins while allowing the removal of small drug molecules. The activated partial thromboplastin time demonstrated that heparinized surfaces on the cellulose/heparin/charcoal composite had excellent blood compatibility. These charcoal composites can be useful for the rapid and safe removal of small and hydrophobic drugs from the digestive system of overdose patients by circulating blood in an extracorporeal circuit.