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- 저자 : Gotlieb, Kenneth (검색결과 2 건)
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Symmetry rules shaping spin-orbital textures in surface states
Gotlieb, Kenneth,Li, Zhenglu,Lin, Chiu-Yun,Jozwiak, Chris,Ryoo, Ji Hoon,Park, Cheol-Hwan,Hussain, Zahid,Louie, Steven G.,Lanzara, Alessandra American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review B Vol.95 No.24
<P>Strong spin-orbit coupling creates exotic electronic states such as Rashba and topological surface states, which hold promise for technologies involving the manipulation of spin. Only recently has the complexity of these surface states been appreciated: they are composed of several atomic orbitals with distinct spin textures in momentum space. A complete picture of the wave function must account for this orbital dependence of spin. We discover that symmetry constrains the way orbital and spin components of a state coevolve as a function of momentum, and from this, we determine the rules governing how the two degrees of freedom are interwoven. We directly observe this complexity in spin-resolved photoemission and ab initio calculations of the topological surface states of Sb(111), where the photoelectron spin direction near (Gamma) over bar is found to have a strong and unusual dependence on photon polarization. This dependence unexpectedly breaks down at large |k|, where the surface states mix with other nearby surface states. However, along mirror planes, symmetry protects the distinct spin orientations of different orbitals. Our discovery broadens the understanding of surface states with strong spin-orbit coupling, demonstrates the conditions that allow for optical manipulation of photoelectron spin, and will be highly instructive for future spintronics applications.</P>
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Data Gap in Sacral Neuromodulation Documentation: Call to Improve Documentation Protocols
Christopher M. Hornung,Ranveer Vasdev,Kate A. Hanson,Rachael Gotlieb,Cynthia S. Fok,John Fischer,Nissrine A. Nakib,Dwight E. Nelson 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2022 International Neurourology Journal Vol.26 No.3
Purpose: We quantified patient record documentation of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) threshold testing and programming parameters at our institution to identify opportunities to improve therapy outcomes and future SNM technologies. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted using 127 records from 40 SNM patients. Records were screened for SNM documentation including qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative covered indirect references to threshold testing and the quantitative included efficacy descriptions and device programming used by the patient. Findings were categorized by visit type: percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE), stage 1 (S1), permanent lead implantation, stage 2 (S2) permanent impulse generator implantation, device-related follow-up, or surgical removal. Results: Documentation of threshold testing was more complete during initial implant visits (PNE and S1), less complete for S2 visits, and infrequent for follow-up clinical visits. Surgical motor thresholds were most often referred to using only qualitative comments such as “good response” (88%, 100% for PNE, S1) and less commonly included quantitative values (68%, 84%), locations of response (84%, 83%) or specific contacts used for testing (0%). S2 motor thresholds were less well documented with qualitative, quantitative, and anatomical location outcomes at 70%, 48%, and 36% respectively. Surgical notes did not include specific stimulation parameters or contacts used for tests. Postoperative sensory tests were often only qualitative (80%, 67% for PNE, S1) with quantitative values documented much less frequently (39%, 9%) and typically lacked sensory locations or electrode-specific results. For follow-up visits, <10% included quantitative sensory test outcomes. Few records (<7%) included device program settings recommended for therapy delivery and none included therapy-use logs. Conclusions: While evidence suggests contact and parameter-specific programming can improve SNM therapy outcomes, there is a major gap in the documentation of this data. More detailed testing and documentation could improve therapeutic options for parameter titration and provide design inputs for future technologies.
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