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Gayoung Ban(반가영),Philjun Moon(문필준),Woojin Park(박우진) 대한인간공학회 2021 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.11
Objective: The current study aims to empirically evaluate the effects of the location of a touchscreen for a nondriving related task (NDRT) on the driver’s NDRT and take-over task performance in a highly automated vehicle. Background: There has been a bold transition in the automotive industry in which traditional static controls are being replaced by interactive displays such as touchscreens. Especially, growing prevalence of adopting touchscreens in the vehicle cockpit is evident in a highly automated vehicle where primary driving tasks are being handled by vehicle automation so that drivers are allowed to engage in different NDRTs. However, there are few empirical studies that investigate the driver’s behaviors while performing NDRT and take-over tasks with varying locations of NDRT touchscreen in the context of SAE level 3 vehicles where the driver’s primary role is performing NDRTs. Considering that performing NDRTs is one of the promises of highly automated vehicles, it is of a great necessity to empirically investigate the most desired NDRT touchscreen location. The authors of the present study are not aware of any research studies that evaluated the effects of NDRT touchscreen location on the performance of NDRT, take-over task, and the driver’s subjective experience measures in a highly automated vehicle. Method: Three different NDRT touchscreen locations were considered: Location A) left side of the steering wheel near the left air conditioning vent, Location B) the center console, and Location C) below the center console. Twentytwo participants performed the Surrogate Reference Task (SuRT, ISO TS14198) as an NDRT task and also a take-over task with each touchscreen location. The dependent measures were the following: driver’s spread of eye movement, steering wheel initiation response time, decision time for lane changes and, ratings of perceived workload, location preference, physical demand during the NDRT and the take-over task. Repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to test the significance of NDRT touchscreen location for each dependent measure. Results: The study has found significant effects of NDRT touchscreen location on the take-over task and the NDRT performance. Location B (the center console) was found to be the best display location in terms of take-over performance. However, regarding the NDRT performance, Location B (the center console) was found to be the worst. The results indicated that the closer the NDRT touchscreen is positioned to the windscreen (e.g., the mid-console) the less detrimental the NDRT effect on the take-over performance. Despite a faster reaction to critical situations supported by Location B, the participants preferred Location C (below the center console) the most. Conclusion: When comparing the three different NDRT touchscreen locations, the location of NDRT touchscreen closer to the windscreen appears to be optimal in reacting to critical situations; however, it is also necessary to consider NDRT touchscreen location from the perspective of the drivers non-driving activities, particularly in the context of highly automated vehicles where the driver needs to and is expected to perform NDRTs. Application: The study findings may help to determine the placement of onboard NDRT touchscreen for the presentation of information related to non-driving activities in a highly automated vehicle.
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